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62d Congress, ) HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, j Document 

M Session, \ 1 No. 681. 



EXPENDITURES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRA- 
TION. 




LETTER 

FROM 

THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE, 

TRANSMITTING, 

PURSUANT TO PROVISION IN AGRICULTURAL APPROPRIATION 
BILL, APPROVED MARCH 4, 1911, STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES 
FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION, ETC. 



April 5, 1912. — Referred to the rommittee on Agriculture and ordered to be printed, 

with illustra! i -n. 



i/, "0 Department of Agriculture, 
'' Office of the Secretary, 

Washington, D. C, April 1, 1912. 

Sir: The statement transmitted herewith presents, as nearly as the 
records make possible, the information called for by one of the pro- 
visions of the agricultural appropriation act of March 4, 1911. The 
assembling of this information has entailed a line-by-line analysis of 
some 165,000 vouchers, covering the disbursement of over $16,000,000. 
One result is to show that the net cost of the national forests to the 
Government for the six years from 1905 to 1910, inclusive, was a little 
less than $3,200,000, or about $530,000 per year. The amount of the 
cost is reached by deducting from the gross expenditures for national- 
forest administration, protection, and improvement (including all 
overhead charges) the value of all improvements and property on 
hand and the receipts from the forests during the period. 

Since the statement is necessarily detailed, a brief summary pre- 
sentation of the salient facts regarding expenditures is desirable. The 
information called for with regard to them may be classified under the 
following headings: 

(1) Compensation of employees. 

(2) Expenditures for travel. 

(3) Payments of freight, express, telegraph, and telephone charges. 

(4) Payments for purchases. 

(5) Payments for rent. 



2 EXPENDITUKES FOE NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION, 

COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES. 

Regarding the compensation of employees information is called 
for along three separate lines, namely, according to (a) official posi- 
tion, (h) cliaracter of employment, and (c) place of employment. 

With regard to official position the act specifies that there shall be 

shown — 

all expenditures made each fiscal year * * * for salaries and other compensation 
of inspectors, forest supervisors, deputy forest rangers, assistant forest rangers, stating 
the number of each class. 

Presumably the purpose was to ascertain the amounts paid to 
forest officers of all grades. The positions named, however, do not 
form a complete list of the forest force. The total salary expendi- 
tures for all national forest positions during the five years and seven 
months after the fore^^ts were transferred to the Department of 
Agriculture totaled $6,891,977.42. 

With regard to the character of the employment the act calls for 
a statement of expenditures (a) "for part time force to meet emer- 
gencies in extinguishing forest fires," (h) "for compensation of per- 
sons engaged in writing descriptive or other matter for publication," 
and (<:) "for lecturers." Concerning expenditures under the second 
and third heads it need only be said here that the cost of all work 
chargeable under these heads was relatively small and the general 
line followed in diffusing information not materially different in 
character from that of other bureaus. 

Concerning the expenditures "for part time force" it should be 
pointed out that, as shown on Sheet 1, temporary labor is employed 
not only for fire fighting, but also in improvement work and for 
miscellaneous purposes. The item "temporary labor — miscella- 
neous" includes some labor not employed upon the forests; but 
the total disbursements for temporary labor employed in connection 
with the national forest work may be put at approximately %1, 100,000. 
This amount, added to the salary expenditures for the regular forest 
force already reported, makes the total disbursed in salaries and 
wa^es for work on the forests approximately $8,000,000. 

To obtain the administrative salary cost of the national forest 
work outside of ^Vashington (except for salaries of men who, as 
explained below, are officially stationed at Washington but are 
employed largely in the field), there should be added the salaries 
paid to persons connected with the district offices. The total dis- 
trict salary expenditures were $553,151.25, which gives a total, in 
round nurnbers, of $8,500,000 paid out in salaries to persons employed 
in national forest work outside of Washington. 

With regard to place of employment, the act calls for a statement of 
expenditures "for statutory and lump-fund salaries of officers and 
clerks * * * hi the city of Washington" and "for salaries" and 
"clerk hire * * * in connection with the conduct of the Forest 
Service outside of the city of Washington." The statement shows a to- 
tal expenditm-e for salaries and wages in Washington of $2,469,099.51, 
and for salaries and wages out of Washington of $9,523,929.38. It 
should be pointed out, however, that the compensation paid to em- 
]>loyees in the city of Washington is often for work performed outside 
of the city of Washington. Both in the administrative and in the 
investigative work of the Forest Service men whose official station is 



^1" 



V EXPENDITURES FOR NATIONAL, FOREST ADMINISTRATSON. 



Washington, and who are therefore recorded as paid in Washington, 
are actually employed in the field during a large part of each year; but 
it is not possible to segregate the amounts of salary ])aid them while 
employed in the field, so as to show what part of the total payment 
was actually made for services rendered in Washington. In other 
words, a considerable fraction of the approximately S2, 500,000 shown 
as paid in Washington was compensation for field work, either inves- 
tigative or supervision, and inspection of the work on the national 
forests. 

EXPENDITURES FOR TRAVEL. 

The expenditures for travel include all charges for transportation 
and subsistence of men on field trips, whether in connection with 
national forest administrative work, inspection, or investigative stud- 
ies. In the years prior to the transfer of the national forests the 
travel expenditures ranged from 22.14 per cent to 13.71 per cent of 
the total yearly expenditures. For the years 1905 to 1910, inclusive, 
the percentage spent for travel ranged from 11.54 per cent in 1905 to 
6.56 per cent in 1910. The total spent in the entire 11 years was a 
little less than $1,350,000, or 8.07 per cent of the total expenditures. 

FREIGHT, EXPRESS, TELEGRAPH, AND TELEPHONE CHARGES. 

The total expenditures for freight, express, telegraph, and telephone 
charges were as follows: 

Freight and drayage $215, 763. 07 

Express 37,045.36 

Telegraph 31,725.49 

Telephone 34,619.39 

PURCHASES. 

The act calls for information with regard to purchases by years as 
follows : 

For * * * all other expenditures made for the conduct of the bureau in the 
city of Washington, including * * * fuel, stationery, furniture, furnishings, 
typewriters, giving the number purchased; misceUaneous supplies, giving classifica- 
tion of same; for * * * miscellaneous supplies, giving classification thereof; 
office supplies, and all other expenditures made in connection with the conduct of 
the Forest Service outside of the city of Washington; for photographs, lantern slides, 
lecture equipment. 

The statement shows expenditures for purchases as follows: 



Percentage 
of total ex- 
penditures. 



Stationery 

Printed matter purchased 

Furniture and furnishings 

Photographic supplies and equipment 

Office supplies 

Laboraiory supplies 

Instruments 

Building materials 

Field equipment, etc 

Miscellaneous purchases 

Total 



S139, 
57; 

170, 
42, 

238, 
17, 

205, 

598, 

3t;c., 
4ai, 



372. 18 
633. 94 
771. 10 
095. 02 
064.50 
731. 05 
467. 60 
476.50 
555. 36 
693. 33 



0.83 

.35 

1.02 

.25 

1.43 

.11 

1.23 

3.58 

2.19 

2.73 



2,292,860.58 



13.72 



4 EXPENDITURES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 

Pages 12 and 15 classify these and other expenditures between 
"in Washington" and "out of Washington." It should be noted, 
however, that a part of the purchases in Washington were of material 
for field use, including use in the districts and on the national forests. 
Of the above expenditures for purchases $1,524,588.09 are recorded 
as "out of Washmgton." 

RENT. 

The expenditures for rent during the 11 years totaled $329,840.43, 
or 1.98 per cent of all expenditures. Of this amount, $145,274.34 
was for rent in Washington and $184,566.09 for rent out of Washing- 
ton. 

TOTAL EXPENDITURES IN WASHINGTON AND OUT OF WASHINGTON. 

The statement shows all expenditures (without deductions for 
repayments) divided as follows: 

In Washington .$3, 292, 937. 62 

Out of Washington 13, 126, 605. 45 

In and out of Washington ' 284, 533. 92 

Total 16, 704, 076. 99 

A copy of this report has also been transmitted to the President of 
the Senate. 

Very respectfully, James Wilson, Secretary. 

The Speaker of the House of Representatives. 

' Freight and drayage, express, and telegraph charges on goods shipped or messages sent from or to 
Washington. 



EXPENDITURES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 



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to CO to 00 CO ■♦Oii^ 


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c-i »o r^ to 10 


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t-Itoioto -^ oi Oi -^ oi ^ r-^ oi 






1-^ CO o o ^ 


■^ t^ to -^ CM 01 10 01 t- 


t^ to 






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CM t~^ t^ CM CO 

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CD - ^ - - 
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oi i^ ^ cii oi to 


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CD 




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fai-5 



EXPENDITUKES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 



13 



OOi-HOOOi-^-^ OOCj o-^ 



COiC CC C<I ooo 



0.-H f 

oi id -^ 

t^Oi 'O 
■* C^ OS 

oTcrTco" 



c^coGieo^'^'^i^c^c 



G0io»o»f5»otoiooic30ioido-^ 

' COO) 



■— t CO CI »o 



1X5 O ^ C 



^^Tt"C04000'<J'IMCOr-H(Nr^iO'-< 



40 i-H CO T-H 



i Tj< CO "D 



O CO '^ 

S" id »d 



lO CO o .— « o to 



Cl CO CD 

00 ocd 

CO CO c^ 



O -^ lO CO Oi Xi 00 CO CO --^ — t CO -30 "^ »o t^ o o 



00 cs 

O CO 

id CO 



ioo'*ot--eoo^'-HOiO'Xii-Hc 



ico-^o-^t^r^cococoiO'^oi'-H-^t 

lO'-'^fMOsr-CD'^OliOCl'MOC^OiC 



^ GO Oi '^ o "^ c 



iX'iO'-H-^ai'— ii— «.— I 



CO 



IM CO OS 

as --H oi 

'-0 coo 
r- f 00 
oai Tp 



COO»0010CD lOtOCO C0»0 i005'^CSOcOiOCOOOCO>000'— iOi(NiO 



■•CN 00 

c-i CN CO o TT ci 

CO (M h- T-H 00 O 
CO Ol CO -^ »0 CM 

co'cd^'^Ci ^■^ 



COCJiO CSCO C^(N'X!CO»0'*-*c005«f:5-*'-H^COO'^ 

0"*J^o cooi idoi'^cDcd'^'S^oocdc^idcNicJt^cd'-H 

C<» lO O ^O 00 O Oi C5 -^ CO O O '^ 00 t- lOCO 00 -* o 

Cl -^ rp Oi O T-< o: lO -^ ■^ CO Ci CO OO 00 «-< Tt< CO CO lO CO 

^c^'S <S ci" oT'^i^fo (n"co 00 .-T ccT co"i-h" 

1— tC^ lOCOCOCD 00»O 



. -H Cl 'O IM C 



D --,- CO '^ OO (M O lO (M lO '-' 



- O^ -^ CO 
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CO '^ OO (M 

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00 



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(n'oocs' 



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oi CO 

lO '-' 



C^cOCJiiOOtNC^t-CiOiCOOO^r^^ 

oir-'-tOcooi^cO'— loioooooi-^-* 
cDi-^cDidocdi^'^ci'^idoocNaioi 

OCOOI'-C^COiO'— 'OtO'-^COCNCSOS 

rf (N CO CO 00 o (M Oi CO CO cJir^o 
cioTTt^c^i-Tio CO -"T oT co" 

(N O (N rS "* 



coOiO 
r* X h- 

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o:- r- '3: 

D»dod 



to 



CO 00 <0 lO CO Ci ooc 

Trt-cooo»oo c^c>ic 

id oi t^ oi cft o cs CO r 

c£: ^ ^ „ 5j lO Oi .— . c 

coocococo»o OO (N C 



»OiO 00iO<NOlCO00cO'^'*t^Ol'-iTf(NC<IC0 

Tt^Tf lO-— "COOCO-^iOOiOOC^C^OC^i— I 

cd^ 'i-aioc^GOooocdcdooooodoO'-Hid 

r- -^ CO 00 CO Oi cs Oi 00 c^ c^ OS CD !>• •—< CO r^ 

»0 CO CO ■-< CO CO <M O '^ -^ f-H I— I 00"^ 



00 CO ■-< 
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io ^ lo -^ cc r^ 


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108 
060 
305 
153 
054 
158 






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c^r-T 


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t>00^ 
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c^oooiocoGO'^ido 
Trcooi^c^t-Ht^^o 

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00 1^ 00 t^ 
GO lO t^ ■— ' 

i-^or^»d 

t^ COiOC^ 

<N00i-l 

CO of 



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CO O Q 
CO lO N 
lO 00 i-H 



COCO CO 
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14 



EXPENDITURES FOE NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 



8 S 



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> 9 S 



EXPENDITURES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 



15 



9,995.45 
47,610.82 
12,646.62 


16,760,043.05 
102,283.07 


16,657,759.98 

5,820.54 
174,113.80 




■ 00 

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In addition the following 
payments were made by, 
or inidcr the general direc- 
tion of,theForest Service: 
Eefimds to contributors, unex- 
pended balances of coopera- 
tive contributions 


0.^ 

.ti cc 

|.i 

S e 


Payments to States and Terri- 
tories, national forest funds 
(10 and 25 per cent of receipts 
from national forest resources). 


C3 
M 


a 

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li 

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l.i 

s| 

C3 


Payments to ludianson account 
of timber sale receipts on for- 
mer Uinta Indian lands (33 
Stat., 1070) 


■a 

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16 



EXPENDITUKES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 



^ 0) 

11 

2*C 

a Ph 

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Pi Ph 
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Is?. 



^<i<n3oE2wsss;z;:<;z.;2;ooMt>^^ 



EXPENDITURES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 



17 







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18 



EXPENDITURES FOR NATIONAL, FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 



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EXPENDITURES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 



19 



III. Permanent improvements, equipment, etc., on hand June 30, 1910, on account oj 
which expenditures shown above were made. 

1. The permanent improvements in the national forests on June 30, 1910, were 
reported as follows: 



states and Terri- 
tories. 


Roads. 


Trails. 


Tele- 
phone 
lines. 


Fences. 


Fire 
lines. 


Cabins. 


Bams. 


Corrals. 


Bridges. 


Alaska 


Miles. 


Miles. 


Miles. 


Miles. 


Miles. 


Number. 

3 

100 

10 

200 

124 

2 

123 

1 


Number. 


Number. 


Number. 




158 
26 
117 

77 


255 

112 

1,034 

581 


285 

1.285 
622 


240 
6 

195 

308 
3 

163 


45 

70 

1 

78' 

20 

""'iss' 
""m 


48 

7 

108 

68 
1 

62 
1 


35 


5 


Arkansas 






32 

36 

1 

24 


35 


Colorado 


18 


Florida 


1 


Idaho 


141 


1,194 


723 
17 


49 


Kansas 


















15 
1,190 


42 
697 
107 

26 
345 


6 
215 

6 

13 

264 


4 

138 

6 

13 

68 


2 

98 

3 

7 

43 








162 


11 

1 

1 

29 


21 






Nevada 










4 


347 




North Dakota... 






8 
223 


"i,'i24' 

3 

254 

673 

393 


3 
440 
16 
327 
161 
449 


18 
187 
26 
63 
54 
119 






4 
36 
15 
17 

24 
29 








ii' 

1 


103 
16 
46 
52 
61 


4 


23 


South Dakota 




Utah 


161 
33 
238 


8 


8 


Washington 


13 




11 


15 






Total 


1,288 


7,175 


5,552 


1,886 


519 


1,070 


573 


193 


188 







2. The records of the property auditor show the following items of nonexpendable 
property on hand June 30, 1910, in the various district and forest headquarters: 



No. 



152 



248 
30 



6 
4 
9 
5 
165 



203 
1 

13 
50 

2 
1,132 

1 
3,485 



Article. 



Adzes 

Alidades'. 

Ordinary 

Telescopic 

Ammeters 

Anchors 

Andirons 

Anemometers 

Annunciators 

Anvils 

Apparatus: 

Aneroid testing 

Compression tests 

Distillation 

Distilling, Buehl's 

Extraction and steam distillation 

Loading, third-point 

Naphthalene 

Shaking 

Steam, with tripod 

Attachments: 

Auto drilling 

Clear phone 

Focusing 

Portrait 

Augers: 

Assorted 

Post 

Autoclave 

Automatics, noiseless, typewriter 

Awnings 

Axes: 

Marble 

Marking 

Background, photo 



Value. 



$333. 71 

679. 52 

3,900.00 

27.40 

42.85 

9.00 

225.00 

82.80 

1,294.33 

90.00 

5.80 

31.04 

7.75 

200.00 

10.00 

20.00 

13.00 

10.00 

3.50 

3.00 

10.00 

.50 

281.19 
23.15 
59.50 
21.00 

263.60 

4.50 

3,282.80 

3.00 

697.00 



20 



EXPENDITURES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 



III. Permanent improvements, equipment, etc., on hand June SO, 1910, on account oj 
which expenditures shown above were made — Continued. 




4 

27 

171 

125 

1 

2 

16 

878 

72 

23 

5 

445 
1 
1 
1 

13 
1 

4 
4 
1 
5 
2 
4 
61 

4 

1 

80 

18 

303 

2 
3 
4 
2 
2 
6 
1 
206 

2,266 

2 

2 

478 

391 

2 

1 
15 

2 
1 

37 
122 
3 
2 
6 
2 

23 

1 
1 
3 

1 
3 
2 



Duffle 

Mail, canvas, and leather 

Packsaddle (pairs) 

Saddle (pairs) 

Sleeping 

Tool 

Ball bearings 

Bars, crow, etc 

Bark blazers 

Bark peelers or spuds 

Barographs 

Barometers: 

Aneroid 

Bunson's syphon 

United States Signal Service 

Barrel, steel 

Baskets: 

Galvanized-iron 

Test-tube 

Baths: 

Blotter 

Dip 

Parafflne, copper 

Water 

Batteries, storage 

Beam rests 

Beds 

Bells: 

Brass, boat 

Electric, door 

Electric, extension 

Bellows 

Belts, lineman's 

Benches: 

Cabinetmaker's 

Carpenter's 

Chemical, work (complete with hooded bases, tops, and sinks) 

Saw, Oliver '. 

Bicyles 

Bins, flour 

Binder, staple 

Binoculars 

Bits: 

Auger, brace, etc 

Guy 

Blackboards 

Blankets, assorted 

Blocks and pulleys 

Blocks, saw-setting 

Blower: 

Fan 

Forge 

Blowpipes ; 

Blowpiping set 

Boards: 

Army sketching 

Drawing 

Map 

Pressing blue prints 

Sketching 

Trimming 

Boats 

Boiler: 

Copper pan 

Range 

Steam 

Boots, rubber (pairs) 

Borers, cork (set) 

Bottles, water, acid-proof 

Boxes: 

Blue-print paper 

Bread 

Copper , 

Filing, metal 

Fixing 

Flour, tin 

Herbarium 

Iron , for sealers 

Mail 

Or chests, mess and grub 



EXPENDITUEES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 



21 



III. Pei-vianent improvements, equipment, etc., on hand June 30, 1910, on account of 
which expenditures shown above were made — Continued. 



Article. 



Value. 



Boxes — Continued. 

Metal , cash , 

Miter 

Negative developing , 

Tent 

Tool, fire-flghling 

Wagon 

Braces: 

Canopy-top, launch 

Carpenter's 

Drill 

Brackets: 

Mission 

Tilting ( pairs) , 

Bread raisers 

Bridles 

Bromides 

Buffers, shoeing 

Burners: 

Alcohol, Barthel 

Bunsen, etc 

Hot-plate 

Burnishers 

Burros 

Cabinets: 

Hamilton (printing outfit) 

Ink and roller (printing outfit ). . 

Kitchen 

Phonograph 

Cage, steel 

Calipers: 

Carpenters' and machinists' 

Steel,~ metric 

Tree— 

18-inch 

24-inch 

34-inch 

48-inch, Minnesota model 

50-inch 

60-inch 

Vernier 

Cameras: 

4 by 4, Century 

4 by 4, Hawkeye 

4 by 4, Premo 

5 by 7, Century 

5 by 7, Premo 

5 by 7, Press Graflex 

5 by 8, Naturalist's 

6| by 8*, City View and Studio . 

8 by 10, Century View 

8 by 10, copying, S. & A 

8 by 10, enlarging and reducing.. 

UJ by 6i bv 7, Panorama 

14 by 17, copying, S. & A 

24 bv 24, copying, Anthony 

34 by 34, copying, S. & A.". 

Lucida 

Seneca View 

Cans: 

Ash 

Bread 

Drip 

Flour 

Galvanized 

Garbase 

Soil, aluminum 

Sugar 

■Water 

Canoes 

Cant hooks and peavies 

Cantinas (pairs) 

Canvas, kitchen, 7 by 9 feet 

Cars, carts, and trucks 

Carpet 

Carriers: 

B undle 

Hay 

Timber 

Cart, road 



$10. 10 

57. 25 

6.00 

11.30 

518.35 
37.00 

6.00 
490. 86 
21.15 

16.20 

1.95 

8.25 

233. 90 

, 085. 76 

41.76 

12.75 

65.57 

7.25 

2.00 

161.00 

26.50 
9.31 

40.00 
7.50 

70.00 

14.50 
5.00 

8.33. 98 
445.50 
031. 48 

.30.00 
259. 28 
549. 44 

30.00 

397.00 

180.00 

45.00 

235.00 

140.00 

110.00 

260. 50 

21.00 

40.00 

20.00 

38.00 

25.50 

50.00 

98.50 

300. 00 

12.00 

166. 80 

35.45 

.50 

2.00 

1.25 

13.80 

110.35 

161.50 

.45 

15.00 

218. 25 

792. 46 

14.85 

2.00 

170. 30 

50.00 

2.50 
5.25 
35.08 
10.00 



22 



EXPENDITUEES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 



III. Permanent improvements, equipment , etc., on hand June SO, 1910, on account of 
which expenditures shown above were made — Continued. 



No. 



Article. 



37 
28 
1 
1 
1 
1 

30 

19 

251 

1 

3.51 
7,887 
8 
2 
1 
1 

399 

1 

19 

186 
2 

1 
12 
7 
4 
3 
948 
4 
7 
1 
2 
3 
1 
20 
2 
16 

58 

2 

135 

52 



782 

5,164 

1 

4 

29 
3 
1 

36 

1 

638 

51 

1 
1 

1 

37 
3 
11 

47 



23 
4 
1 

15 

409 

1 

4 



Cases: 

Army sketching hoard 

Atlas, steel 

Binocular (extra) 

Blank (printing outfil ) 

Book 

Botanist's collecting 

Caliper— 

34-inch 

50-inch 

Camera 

Canvas, for carrying poles 

Compass, leather 

Filing and storage, assorted 

Instrument 

Lantern 

Lantern slides 

Leveling rod 

Manuscript carrying, leather 

Map, galvanized iron 

Map, wall, California 

Map and tripod 

Medicine 

Metal furniture (printing outfit) 

News 

Planetable and traverse board 

Plate-carrying 

Quad and space (printing outfit) 

Rangers, metal 

Rule and blank (printing outfit) 

Sketch-board, canvas 

Standard, Hamilton (printing outfit) 

Suit, special 

Test-set, leather 

Thermometer 

Two-thirds (printing outfit) 

Typewriter, leather 

Casks". 

Chains: 

Assorted 

Fifth 

Log 

Proof test (feet) 

Surveyor's — 

33 feet 

66 feet 

Chairs, stools, etc 

Charger, battery 

Chases (printing outfit) 

Chests: 

Carpenter's 

Ice 

Instrument 

Wood, field 

Chiffonier 

Chisels, wood 

Choppers, meat and food 

Chuck: 

Drill 

Lathe 

Clamp: 

Belt 

Carpenter's 

Eccentric 

Haven 

Laboratory, assorted 

Lineman's 

Mai. C 

Parallel 

Saw or vises 

Toolmaker's, Starrett's 

Clariphone 

Cleavers 

Climbers, lineman's and tree (pairs) 

Clinchers, nail 

Clinometers 

Clippers: 

Horse 

Pruning 

Clocks: 

Assorted 

Watchman 's 



EXPENDITURES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 



23 



III. Permanent improvements, equipment, etc., on hand June 30, 1910, on account of 
which expenditures shown above were made — Continued. 



Article. 



Coils: 



Spark. 



Repeating. 
Come-alongs . . , 
Compasses: 

Barbow. . . 

Beam 



Box, pocket . . 

F. S. standara , 

Forester's 

Mariner's 

Planetable 

Pocket- 
Sight 

Watch 

Prismatic 

Solar. 



Surveyor s 

Compression collars (sets). 

Compressometers 

Compasses, Brinton 

Compressors, air 

Comptometers 

Condensers; 

Abbe. 



Aclrromatic 

Surface 

Cones, platinum, filter 

Connectors, or clamps, splicing 

Containers, calorimeter 

Controllers, motor-speed 

Cookers, tireless 

Coolers; water 

Costumers and hatracks ... 

Cots :.... 

Countershafts 

Covers: 

Crucible, platinum 

Drawing-board 

Pack 

Stack 

\\ agon 

Crimpers, cap 

Crucibles, platinum 

Cultivators, assorted 

Cups, grease 

Curves, draftsman's 

Cushions, assorted 

Cutters: 

Feed 

Glass, diamond-point 

Lead, Success (printing outfit) 

Milling, high-speed 

Paper — 

Dietzgen 

Hanging 

Pipe 

Steel 

Stovepipe 

Washer 

Cylinders 

Brass 

Calcium gas 

Impregniling 

Standaiil washiiic; 

With treating car , 

Dado-heads 

Dark room, collapsible , 

Deflectomelers 

Derricks and equipment 

Desks, assorted 

Developers, film 

Diamond, glazier's 

Dibbles.. 

Dies: 

Forest Service, etc , 

Pipe 

Pipe (sets) 

Round, "U.S.S.," etc 

Steel,"U.S." 

Stock (sets) 

Die Dlates and dies 



Value. 



$12. (K) 
24. 20 
2.S. 40 

40.00 
78.40 
1,680.25 
i. 082. 90 
4.50 
8.50 
15.00 

1,719.60 

82.50 

138. 00 

195.50 

1,600.35 

26.20 

70.00 

!, 408. 00 

•281. 63 

!,S50.00 

3.15 

27.00 

166.00 

6.00 

936. 12 

7.00 

27.50 

11.15 

254. 74 

486. 83 

700.07 

62.00 

6.00 

1.25 

89.15 

25.00 

343.34 

2.60 

40.00 

238.97 

2.75 

381.89 

33.00 

18.00 
5.00 
7.80 

10.80 

.40 

1.50 

63.54 

.65 

3.50 

.75 

100.00 

36.00 

31.50 

209.00 

210.00 

644. 00 

52.10 

9.00 

423.00 

202.09 

,679.73 

3.20 

i:88 

.75 

,202.85 
3.00 
19.76 
28.30 
2.60 
6.50 
20.58 



24 



EXPENDITURES FOE NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 



III. Permanent improvements, equipment, etc., on hand June SO, 1910, on account of 
which expenditures shown above were made — Continued. 



No. 


Article. 


Value. 


1 


Digester: 

Rotary, soda 


$20 00 


2 


Wood-pulp 


950.00 


43 


Di-'rtrs: 

Post-hole 


68.20 


2 


Tree 


37.50 


1 


Disiies: 

Aluminum 


.60 


1 


EvaporatiuK 


4.80 


3 


Platinum 


96 33 


13 


Dispensers, liquid soap 


32.50 


8 


Disseclinc; sets 


21.60 


1 


Distributors: 

Gas 


3.00 


1 


Pressboard 


7 SO 


6 


Dividers: 

Carpenter's 


3.35 


1791 


Draftsman's assortt a 


2 784.77 


3 




4.30 


1 


Universal 15. ct S . . 


3.00 


1 




1 50 


37 


Doubletrees 


101 80 


4 


Drags, fire 


320. 00 


2 


Dramers, cellar 


26.00 


1 




3.15 


2 


Drifts, drill 


.90 


4 


Drills: 

Automatic 


10.65 


1 


Bencli 


3.00 


4 


Garden-seed 


39 15 


1 




20.00 


6 


Pipe 


3.05 


1 




14 00 


9 


Ratchet 


6.50 


1 




70.00 


8 


Star 


4.90 


26 




25.91 


17 


Drums: 


153. 50 


4 


Steel, black 


29.00 


1 


Dvnamo, Fisher 


48 25 


2 


Ejectors 


6.30 


14 




73.42 


1 


Engines: 


150.00 


1 


Distillate 


224 00 


7 


Gasoline 


] 038.40 


2 


Estimators, timber 


50.00 


63 




319 90 


3 


E veners 


5 58 


C. 




52.70 


26 


Exposuremeters 


23 40 


12 


■ Pvroeide 


30.00 


2 




18.50 


206 


Underwriters 


2 398 80 


2 




24.00 


260 


Fans, electric 


2, 965. 45 


100 




187 00 


22 


Figures, steel, 0-9 (sets) 


45.70 


3 


Ray 


4.40 


1 


Water 


4.50 


1 


Finder, view, Ingento 


3.50 


2 




4.58 


2 


Flags: 


8 00 


1 


10 bv 20 feet 


9.50 


1 


18 feet 


11.25 


3 


Ensign 


5.75 


2 




3.25 


5 


Special 


5.25 


1 




2 40 


4 


Flasks (printing outfit) 


11.75 


1 


Flies, tent: 

7 bv 7 feet 


3.80 


3 




11 34 


1 


7 bv 10 feet 


5.00 


65 




341.25 


1 


9 by 12 feet 


4.50 


6 




28.09 



EXPENDITURES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 



25 



III. Permanent improvements, equipment, etc., on hand June 30, 1910, on account oj 
which expenditures shou-n above were made — Continued. 



Flies, tent — Continued. 

10 by 20 feet 

llbv Hfeet 

12 by 12 feet 

12 by Hfeet 

12 bv 15 feet 

12 bv 19 feet 

14 bv 14 feet 

14 bv 16feet 

16bV2pfRet 

30by.?ofeet 

MiscellaneoLis 

Floats: 

Copper 

Horse 

Forceps, laboratory 

Forges 

Forks, raising 

Frames: 

Hayrack 

Iron, for shear piec-es 

Map 

Printing— 

4 by 5 inches 

5 by 7 inches 

6i by ^ inches 

8 bv 10 inches 

10 by 12 inches 

11 by 13 inches 

1 1 by 14 inches 

11 by If) inches 

12 by 14 inches 

13 by 16 inches 

14 by 17 inches 

17 by 18 inches 

18 by 22 inches 

15 by 30 inches 

20 by 24 inches 

24 by 30 inches 

26 by 36 inches 

30 by 40 inches 

30 bv 42 inches 

32 bv 44 inches 

36 by 48 inches 

miscellaneous 

16 by 20 inches 

panorama 

vacuum. 

Retouching 

Froes 

Furnaces, combustion 

Galleys (printing outfit) 

Gauges: 

Battery 

Bit 

Center 

Chemical 

Drill 

gatchet 
on-case 

Lumber 

Marking 

Micrometer depth 

Music wire 

OU 

Paring 

Pica, nonpareil (printing outfit) 

Planer and shaper 

Pressure 

Rain and snow 

Saw 

Screw- 
Pitch 

Thread 

Thickness or slot 

Turning 

Universal surface 

Vacuum 

Wire 

Gears (pairs) 



$4.50 

4.50 

6. .35 

46. .30 

12. .50 

5.00 

4,323.90 

S3.. 50 

25.00 

31.25 

20.00 

11.50 
1.40 
6.40 
1,708.88 
2.75 

10.00 
25.00 
10.50 

.80 

16.40 

13.00 

7.70 

5.15 

3.00 

10.00 

10.19 

3.00 

3.00 

15.00 

5.00 

10.00 

2.50 

2.50 

349.24 

7.50 

3.40 

153.10 

44.00 

45.00 

5.60 

8.70 

10.00 

25.00 

12.00 

120. 32 

150.00 

5.13 

10.00 

.60 

.30 

42.60 

4.60 

.35 

20.00 

14.00 

8. .30 

5.00 

1..50 

23.45 

.50 

.90 

2.00 

222.29 

.55. 75 

40.71 

2.50 
2.00 
1.20 
.50 
3.00 
100.08 
9.00 
7.50 



26 



EXPENDITURES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 



III. Permanent improvements, equipment, etc., on hand June 30, 1910, on account of 
which expenditures shown above were made — Continued. 



No. 



Article. 



1 
1 
1 

1 

144 



2 

1 

24 

16 
2 

7 

1 

12 

24 

1 
1 
1 

656 
4 

356 

2 

34 

8 

6 

117 

2,443 

228 

801 

3 

1 
1 

12 
70 

4 

74 
1 

11 
5 

61 

1 
1,940 

1 
1 
2 
12 

2 
1 
136 
2 
3 
1 

345 
1 
1 
2 
7 
1 
1 

27 
24 
12 

7 
17 
38 

1 
13 



Generator: 

Gas 

Steam 

Telephone 

Glasses: 

Focusing 

Magnifying— 

Barrel 

Draftsman's 

2-lens 

3-lens 

Vest-pocket 

Reducing, draftsman's 

Grabhooks, etc 

Graders, road 

Grates: 

Camp 

Fireplace 

Gravers, engraver's 

Griddles 

Grinders: 

Bench 

Sickle 

Twist-drill, Yankee 

Grindstones 

Grips or telescopes 

Grips, Buffalo 

Guides: 

Saw 

Stock 

Guns, shot 

Hacks, turpentine 

Halters 

Hammers: 

Assorted 

Farrier's 

Marking 

Handcuffs (pairs) 

Handles: 

Coning-tool 

Truck-base 

Engraver's, Buren 

Hardies, anvil 

Harness: 

Dog (sets) 

Double (sets) 

Pack (sets) 

Single (sets) 

Single plow (sets) 

Harrows 

Hatchets: 

Combination, for telephone 

Marking 

Heaters: 

Gasoline (printer's outfit) 

Glue 

Soldering iron 

Tent 

Hectographs 

Heliostat 

Hobbles (pairs) 

Hoes, wheel 

Hoists 

Hoists, differential 

Holders: 

Blank 

Boring-tool , Krieger 

Drill and reamer 

Gas 

Laboratory, clamp 

Mail-bag 

Map 

Plate— 

4 by 5 inch 

5 by 7 inch 

5 by 8 inch 

6i by 8i inch 

6i by 8i inch (Seneca view). 

8'by lO'inch 

Leather 

Miscellaneous 



• Cost included in cost of cameras 5 by 8 inches. 

2 Cost of 12 included in cost of cameras, Seneca view. 



EXPENDITURES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 27 

III. Permanent improvements, equipment, etc., on hand June 30, 1910, on account oj 
which expenditures shown above were made — Continued. 



No. 



Article. 



2 



Holders— Continued. 
Roll- 

4 by 5 inch 

5 by 7 inch 

Teleptione 

Tool, Armstrong 

Hole borer 

Hones: 

Lithographic 

Razor , 

Hoods- 
Canvas, searchlight 

Chemical 

Hooks: 

Boat 

Pruning 

Shave, plumber's 

Swamp 

With rings 

Horses 

Hose (feet) 

Hot well 

Hydrometers 

do 

Hypsometers, assorted 

Hypsometer-grodemeters 

Igniters 

Indicator, speed 

Inkstands, Altenede, pen-filling. 

Instruments, drafting (sets) 

Irons: 

Branding 

Chopping-board 

Clamp (pairs) 

Clinching 

Flat 

Grab 

Soldering 

Soldering, electric 

Jacks: 

Grubbing 

Riehle 

Wagon 

Screws 

Jars 

Keys: 

Lock,F. S 

Water 

Knives: 

Brush 

Butcher 

Draw 

Electrician's 

Farrier's 

French 

Hay 

Leather 

Microtome 

Pocket 

Press button 

Pruning 

Shingle 

Kodaks: 

3-A 

4-A 

5 by 4 inches 

7 by 5 inches 

Ladders, step, etc 

Lamps 

Blast, laboratory 

Dark-room 

Electric 

Electric, pocket 

Flashlight 

Motor-cycle and bracket 

Lathes , 

Launches , 

Leads, sounding , 

Lenses, assorted 

Letters, steel (set) 

Letter plates (sets.) 



Value. 



$180.00 

29.50 

191. 40 

3.00 

2.86 

3.00 
5.54 

1.00 
165.00 

.90 

2.25 

.25 

n.51 

1.10 

17, 808. 50 

796. 56 

100.00 

23. 50 

23.50 

1,500.00 

636. 25 

70.55 

3.15 

4.80 

189.00 

165.25 
9.00 
12 00 
.50 
3.96 
2 50 
22.50 
1.50 

1.32 
42.00 
11.75 
40.20 

3.75 

1, 124. 42 
2.50 

4.00 

202 00 

257.15 

28.58 

210.68 

.75 

6.50 

2 00 

15.00 

2.50 

1.00 

6.00 

3.50 

42.50 

1,750.00 

1,550.00 

588.00 

193.00 

200.00 

20.00 

4.50 

248.35 

13.85 

18.00 

14.75 

500.00 

14,367.79 

.70 

1,650.96 

31.85 

6.50 



28 



EXPENDITURES FOE NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 



III. Permanent improvements, equipment, etc., on hand June 30, 1910, on account of 
which expenditures shown above were made — Continued. 



34 

330 

3 

4 

1 

213 

1 

12 

1 
3 
2 

6 
2,298 
1 
3,300 
1 
1 
1 



7 
2 
1 
2 
6 
4 
1 
7 
1 
2 

3 
2 
3 
2 
1 
97 

1 
1 
1 
3 
1 
1 
6 
1 
1 
1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

20 

13 

1 

12 

30 

70 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

14 
2 
6 

1 

1 

2 

12 

127 

155 



Levels: 

Abney 

Carpenter's 

Cross- test 

Engineer's, Y 

For leveling rod 

Locke 

Triangle ditch 

Life preservers 

Lights: 

Combination, for launch 

Head 

Search 

Side 

Linoleum (square yards) 

Loading device for' testing beams 

Locks, pad, F. S 

Locker 

Log, taffrail 

Lubricator 

Machines: 

Adding— 

Burroughs 

Dal ton 

Pike 

Universal, electric 

■ Wales 

Blue-printing 

Blue-printing {\\ agenhurst ) 

Boring 

Calculus 

Cement-block 

Computing— 

Dactyle 

Thatcher's 

Drafting 

Impact testing 

Milling, Garvin 

Numbering 

Paper — 

Pusey-Jones 

Cutting 

Perforating 

Riveting 

Rotary grinding 

Shoeing 

Shaving, phonograph 

Stencil cutting 

Stitching 

Tenon 

Testing— 

Olscn 

Ri'-hle 

Torsional, Riehle 

Trenching 

Wood-chipping 

Magnets 

Magnets, bar 

Magnifier for slide rule 

Mantas 

Maps, special 

Marlinspikes 

Martingales 

Mattresses 

Mauls 

Measure: 

Half-bushel 

Light 

Map 

Megaphone 

Met ronomes 

Micrometers (including calipers and thicki.css gauges) 

Micrometers, stage 

Microscopes 

Microtomes: 

Bench 

Hand 

Minot automatic precision 

Mills, fanning 

Mimeographs » 

Mirrors 



EXPENDITUBES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 



29 



III. Permanent improvements, equipment, etc., on hand June SO, 1910, on account oj 
which expenditures shown above were made — Continued. 



Article. 



Value. 



Mirrors, angle 

Mixer, cement 

Minoculars 

Mortars and pestles 

Mortars, electric 

Mortiser, toot-power 

Motor, water 

Motorcycles 

Molds, "paper 

Mowers, lawn and horse 

Muffler, telephone 

Mules 

Neostyles, electri* 

Nets, fly 

Nipperand liammer, wire 

Nose pieces 

Nummerirschlagels 

Oars (pairs) 

Oars (single) 

Oarlocks (pairs) 

Objectives 

Odometers. 

Oilers 

Oilstones 

Outnts: 

Cooking— 

1-man , 

2-man 

4-man , 

Photomicrographic 

Repair 

Tape repair 

Ovens:- 

Drying 

Drvtng, electric 

Dutch 

Laboratory, bomb 

Portable, soil 

Paddles, canoe 

Pans, gold 

Pantographs 

Paper-roll 

Parallels, adjustable 

Parer, apple 

PauUns 

Pedometer 

Pens; 

Dotting, with cases 

Draftsman's, assorted 

Fountain 

Stylographic 

Perforator, Damon (printing outfit) . 

Phonographs 

Photometers 

Pick, ice 

Pillows (pairs) 

Pincers, clamp 

Pinions, motor driving 

Planes, carpenter's 

Planers: 

Berlin 

And jomters^ 

Clement's 

Oliver 

And mallets 

Proof (printing outfit) 

Planetables 

Planimeters 

Planographs 

Planters: 

Ball 

Seed, com, etc 

Plates: 

Electric, hot 

Steel 

Pliers, pincers, etc 

Plows 

Plows, carpenter's 

Plumb-bobs 



$142.00 

24.95 

4,968.21 

3.63 

2, 028. 63 

50.00 

12.00 

655. 00 

22.63 

1,141.15 

5.00 

2, 324. 00 

420. 00 

14.50 

.90 

5.00 

20.00 

59.61 

3.40 

6. 50 

164. 00 

30.00 

28.25 

41.00 



80.00 
24.00 
8.30 
487. 35 
5.00 
233.75 

343. 40 

78.00 

422. 40 

38.00 

25.00 

18.00 

12.00 

63. 84 

1.25 

2.00 

2.25 

815.90 

4.50 

8.00 

2, 388. 25 

4, 476. 60 

9.78 

4.90 

2,536.47 

70.00 

.50 

20.75 

29.00 

15.00 

1,329.07 

382. 00 

1.50. 00 

283. 50 

.65 

.50 

16.00 

1,911.55 

6.75 

2.14 
209. 70 

14.40 

14.08 

1.734.39 

2,018.76 

5.65 

109.25 



> Cost of 30 included in cost of 30 Alidades, telescopic 



30 



EXPENDITURES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION, 



III. Permanent improvements, equipment, etc., on hand June 30, 1910, on account of 
which expenditures shown above were made — Continued. 



No. 



Article. 



74 
67 
3 
1 
1 
1 
1 

2 
3 
3 
1 
31 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
5 
1 
1 
1 
2 
7 
1,399 
1 
9 
15 

13 
3 
13 

5 
6 
2 
1 

20 
4 
3 
1 
1 

10 
2 
1 
1 
6 

107 
6 
4 
1 

1 

9 

1 

1 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

17 

4 

13 

61 

18 

2 

45 

1 

2 

4 

1,743 
o 

4 
2 
2 



Poles: 

Pike 

Range 

Pole rests (or deadmen) 

Post, drilling 

Pot, fire 

Pot, glue 

Pot, solder, and ladle 

Presses: 

Drill 

Hay 

Copying 

Herbarium 

Letter 

Mimeograph 

Molding (printing outfit) 

Mounting 

Printing, job 

Pulp 

Seal 

Tablet (printing outfit) 

Tincture, laboratory 

Pricker, alteneder 

Propellers, reversing 

Protectograph, check 

Protractors 

Bevel 

Vernier, with arm 

Psychrometers 

Pullers: 

Nail 

Spike 

Staple 

Pumps: 

Air 

Bilge 

Centrifugal 

Cistern 

Filter 

Force 

Horizontal 

Oil 

Rotary 

Spray 

Steam 

Tank 

Vacuum 

Water 

Punches: 

Assorted 

Atlas, "Baimer" 

Shoeing 

Pyrometer, Whipple 

Racks: 

Book 

Cooking 

Hay 

Lead, Wisconsin (printing outfit) 

Map 

Map-tube 

Negative 

Paper 

Stationery 

Wall 

Radiator, gas 

Rakes, hay, horse 

Rams, hydraulic 

Range finders 

Reamers 

Receivers, rubbish 

Reels and barrows 

Reels, hose, wire, etc 

Reflector, searchlight 

Refractometers 

Refrigerators 

Registers: 

Tally 

Telephone 

Regulators, gas, pressure 

Retorts, copper 

Revolvers 



EXPENDITURES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 



31 



III. Permanent improvements, equipment, etc., on hand June SO, 1910, on account of 
which expenditures shown above were made — Continued. 



Rifle 

Robes, buggy 

Rods: 

Fishing 

Leveling and stadia. . . 

Transit 

Rolls, map: 

Assorted 

Jenkins 

Johnston 

Roll cutters, paper 

Roller, print 

Rolling cutter 

Roulettes, engravers' 

Rugs 

Rules: 

Board 

Boxwood — 

6-ineh 

12-inch 

Curve 

Folding — 

12-inch 

24-inch 

6-foot 

Hook 

Metal, 12-inch 

Metric 

Miscellaneous 

Parallel 

Scalers' 

Slide 

Steel, B & S 

Sacks: ~ 

Canvas, for saddle 

Pack 

Saddles: 

Pack 

Riding 

Safes: 

lion 

Screen meat 

Samplers, soil, or geotomes 
Saws: 

Band 

Band (Oliver) 

Circular 

Crosscut, hand, etc 

Cut-ofI, one-swing 

Hack (frames) 

Hack, special 

Ice 

Meat 

Metal slitting 

Nut 

Sawmills 

Saw sets 

Saw sets , circular 

Saw tools (sets). 

Scales: 

3-uich 

4-inch 

6-inch 

9-inch 

24-inch 

Scales and lialances 

Scalers, tie 

Scalpels 

Scoops, grain 

Scows 

Scrapers: 

Box 

Drag and road 

Engravers' 

(Printing outfit) 

Soldering iron 

Screens: . 

Fire 

Portable 

Pulp 

Seed-cleaning 

Stereopticon 



$9.00 
14.85 

3.00 

992.67 

1.65 

36.00 

,079.00 

77.00 

1.25 

2.50 

1.50 

10.00 

475. 05 

5.50 

526. 12 
993.63 

8.85 

1.00 

28.25 

1.25 

1.25 

491.65 

1.50 

3.00 

72.35 

, 776. 76 

455. 87 

9.50 

3.50 
45.50 

,479.66 
, 110. 99 

, 407. 00 

1.00 

122.00 

17.49 

308.00 

74.60 

,072.85 

100.00 

7.20 

42.75 

3.75 

110. 86 

3.65 

1.25 

405. 50 

223.23 

10.00 

82.50 

.50 
2.80 
1.00 
5.60 
3.00 
,•276.92 
5.00 
1.00 
1.50 
218. 42 

.80 

426. 78 

3.00 

.50 

.50 

15.00 

208.00 

525.00 

2.25 

11.00 



32 



EXPENDITUEES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 



III. Permanent improvements, equipment, etc., on hand June 30, 1910, on account of 
which expenditures shown above were made — Continued. 



No. 



43 

16 

39 

1 

6 

1,028 

1 

2 

1 

1 

9 

1 

12 
1 

3 
11 

27 
1 

54 

3,193 

2 

5 

20 

3 

1 

1 

1 
224 
1 
2 
5 

15 
2 
1 
5 

99 
3 
2 

1 
1 
1 

16 
1 
1 
3 

29 

18 
4 
1 
1 

33 
1 

16 
1 
6 

21 

36 
2 

953 

1 
851 

17 
2 
1 

22 
1 

27 
1 

26 

8 

750 

13 

21 



Article. 



Screen plates, pulp 

Screws: 

Bench 

Hand 

Screw-drivers 

Screw-driver set 

Screw plates (sets) 

Sciibes, timber 

Scriber 

Seals, for lead buttons 

Seat^ buggy 

Section lifter 

Section liners 

Seed mixer and sampler 

Settees 

Shaper, crank, Cincinnati 

Sharpeners: 

Cork borers 

Pencil 

Shears: 

Brush and hedge 

Cogged 

Pruning 

Sheaths, ax, etc 

Sheaves, triplex hoist 

Sheets: 

Bed, canvas 

Seeds 

Shelves, reference, etc 

Shield, canvas 

Shutter: 

Graflex, focal plane 

Zeiss, convertible 

Sickles and scythes 

Side files, saw 

Sieves or riddles, grain 

Sieves, laboratory, brass 

Sieves and screens, sand 

Sights, level (pairs) 

Signal, code (set) 

Sign markers, Easey, etc 

Singletrees , 

Sinks 

Skiis (pairs) 

Slab: 

Imposing (printing outfit) 

Ink (printing outfit) 

Mixing (printing outfit) 

Sleds and sleighs 

Slicker 

Sling for condenser 

Slips 

Snips, tinners' 

Snowshoes (pairs) 

Sockets for H. & M. thermometers 

Sockets, lathe 

Sparker 

Speeders, railroad 

Splines (set) 

Spokeshaves 

Spools, wire 

Sprays or sprayers 

Springs, bed 

Sprinklers and nozzles 

Spuds, stump and digging 

Squares: 

Carpenter's 

Miter 

Tee 

Stands: 

Dictionary 

Double news (printing outfit) 

I. C. with swing-out Abbe condenser 

1 laboratory, assorted 

Micrometer 

Miscellaneous 

For oil-jacketed cylindrical retort. . . 

Phonograph 

Telephone 

Typewriter 

Wash 

Water cooler 



EXPENDITUEES FOR NATIONAL. FOEEST ADMINISTRATION. 



33 



III. Permanent improvements, equipment, etc., on hand June SO, 1910, on account of 
which expenditures shown above were made — Continued. 



No. 


Article. 


Value. 


10 


Steels, butchers' 


$14. 35 


65 


Stencils: 

Sets 


79.49 


69 


Miscellaneous 


63.65 


4 


Stereopticons 


248.45 


40 


Sticks: 

Biltmore 


40.00 


1 


Composing (printing outfit) 


1.20 


2 


Job 


4.60 


3 


Stills, water 


ISO. 00 


16 


Stocks and dies (sets) 


106.44 


34 


Stocks, die 


35.50 


2 


Stocks, pipe 


12.00 


18 


Stones, lithographic 


293. 94 


6 


Stops, bench 


3.80 


2 


Alcohol ... 


10.50 


2 


Electric 


10.70 


6 


Gas 


25.65 


2,058 
6 




29, 981. 23 


Oil 


34 40 


473 




474. 35 


3 


Strainers 


5 25 


1 


Bed (pairs) 


2.75 


1 


Plant-press (pairs) 


.75 


21 


Stretchers: 


76 15 


2 


Fence 


15 00 


274 




420 11 


22 


Supports, laboratory, assorted 


7.97 


5 




5.70 


1 


Sweepers, carpet 


3.50 


9 




188 10 


1 


Syringes, horse 


1.25 


2 


Adjustable support, laboratory 


4.50 


1,331 




13 101.08 


141 


Drafting 


1 581 33 


1 




' 56 00 


36 


And stands, steel, Atlas 


1 318.50 


133 




2, 669. 34 
40.30 


5 


Taps: 


20 

18 


Hand"U.S. S." 

Machine-screw 


25.25 
4 20 


20 


Pipe 


17.35 


6 




57 


4 


Taper 


4.00 


1 


Tapes: 

2o-foot 


2 50 


210 


50-foot 


376 20 


25 


100-foot 


88 75 


3 


10-meter 


4 50 


45 


Steel— 

6-foot 


39 72 


213 




342 90 


7 


25-foot 


27 75 


702 


50-foot 


3 254 89 


1 


66-foot 


4 00 


1 


75-foot 


4 50 


202 


100-foot 


1 517 41 


1 




' 7 50 


72 


Bandchain— 


339 10 


1 


100-link 


6 00 


8 


300-foot 


90 00 


1 


330-foot 


36.00 


3 




2 64 


726 


Telephones 


7,531 14 


5 


Telescopes: 

"Marvel" 


21.00 


1 


Saddle 


12.50 



34 EXPENDITURES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 

III. Permanent improvements, equipment, etc., on hand June 30, 1910, on account of 
which expenditures shomn above were made — Continued. 



No. 



Article. 



4 

■ 366 

19 

1,566 

1 

18 

92 

1 

1 

3 

67 

1 

13 

24 

15 

1 

393 

17 

1 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

7 

1 

1 

1 

2 
1 
1 
1 

120 



100 



2 
1 
5 

240 

6 

8 

1 

16 

6 
1 
3 
1 
10 
7 
3 
5 
1 
1 
5 
1 
6 

45 

42 

1 

30 

3 

2,975 

136 

1 

55 

25 

2 

5 

22 

4 

2,147 



Tents: 

Tents, 16 by 20 feet 

5 by 7 feet 

7 by 7 feet 

7 by 9 feet 

7by lOfeet 

8 by 10 feet 

9 by 9 feet 

9by lOfeet 

9 by 12 feet 

10 by lOfeet 

10 by 12feet 

10 by Hfeet 

12by 12feet 

12 by Hfeet 

12 by 16 feet 

12 by lOfeet 

14bvl4foet 

14 by Itjfeel 

14 by IS feet 

14 by 20 feet 

16 by 18 feet 

16 by 24 feet 

16i by 26 fcot 

20 by 20 feet 

Baker 

Hip-roof 

Spencer 

Trapper's 

Testers: 

Beam 

Gauge 

Oil 

Paper 

Test-sets, telephone 

Thermographs 

Thermometers: 

Assorted 

Bristol, recording 

Soil 

Thermo-regulators 

Thermostat 

Toilet sets 

Tongs: 

Blacksmith's, etc 

Ice 

Pipe 

Pump 

Skidding 

Tools: 

Armstrong 

Barl)ed-\vire 

Compression, spherical-headed 

Corking 

Electrician's 

Fence 

Fire-flghting. special 

Lineman's, Buffalo 

Milling machine, Garvin (set). 

Scraping (set) 

Shearing 

Turning, Oliver (set) 

Set, handled 

Torches: 

Assorted 

Blow 

Trammels 

Transits and tripods 

Transplanters 

Traps, steel 

Traverse boards 

Trays: 

Card, bill size, Y & E 

Desk.... 

Photographic 

Sorting, L. B., and stands 

Trenchers, hand 

Trestles: 

Drawing-board (pairs) 

Map-case 

Triangles 



EXPENDITURES FOR NATIONAX, FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 35 

III. Permanent improvements, equipment, etc., on hand June 30, 1910, on account of 
which expenditures shown above were made — Continued. 



Article. 



Value. 



Triangles, platinum 

Trimmers: 

Photo 

Tree 

Wood, Oliver 

Tripods: 

Camera 

Laboratory 

Planetable 

Scales, Fairbanks 

Stereopticon 

Surveyor's 

Traverse-board 

Trolley and triplex block 

Trowels 

Trunks: 

Assorted 

Stereoscopic 

Tubes: 

Phonograph 

Vacuum 

Turners, wire 

Tuyure irons 

Tweezers 

Twisters: 

Drill 

Wire 

TjT)ewriters: 

Blickensderfer 

Densmore — 

No.2 

No. 5 

Elliott-Fisher 

Junior 

Monarch — 

No.l 

No.2 

No.3 

Oliver— 

No.3 

No.5 

No. 5, IS inches 

Remington— 

No.6 

No.7 

No. 10 

Roval Standard 

L. C. Smith 

Smith Premier — 

No.2 

No. 4 

Standard folding 

Sun 

Underwood — 

No.3 

No. 3, check 

No.5 

Umbrella: 

Stereoscopic, folding 

Wagon 

Undercutters 

Valves: 

Davis regulating 

Float 

Phosphor bronze 

Viscosimeters 

Vises: 

Belt, with straps 

Carpenter's, pipe, etc 

Circular saw filing and jointer . 

Filing handsaw 

Hand 

Voltmeters 

Vulcanizers (printing outfit) 

Wagons 

Walls, common tent, 7 by 35 feet. . 

Washers, negative and plate 

Watch: 

Ingersoll 

Stop 



»20.00 

182.75 

6.75 

282. 50 

862. 96 
3.57 

135.00 

3.00 

10.00 

'., 695. 30 

(^) 

104.00 
145. 47 

1,455.90 
37.50 

2.00 
6.40 

.50 
6.00 

.75 

.75 
.75 

722. 50 

67.50 
942.00 
300.00 

15.00 

156.00 
;, 080. 00 
,076.00 

i, 113. 74 
,044.30 

87.48 

240.00 
i, 960. 00 
,120.00 

175. 50 
80.00 

160.00 

80.00 

190.00 

,372.50 

,544.50 
672.00 
,880.00 

4.00 
2.50 
3.75 

74.61 
1.90 
4.00 

97.50 

8.00 

436. 97 
10.00 
12.00 
20.00 
12.00 

161. 00 

,576.07 

17.80 

5.53 

1.00 
3.50 



» Cost of 30 included in cost of 30 telescopic alidades. » Included in cost of traverse boards. 



36 



EXPENDITURES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 



III. Permanent improvements, equipment, etc., on hand June 30, 1910, on account of 
which expenditures shown above were made — Continued. 



No. 



40 

11 

108 

95 

1 

101 
4 
2 

522 

15 
1 
2 
1 

2 

1 

24 



Article. 



Value. 



Wattmeter 

Weights: 

50-pound standard 

Sets 

Spline , 

Wheels and grinders, emery 

Wheels, tiller 

Wheelbarrows 

Whistles, boat 

Windlasses 

Wrenches, assorted 

Wringers: 

Mop 

Press-copy 

Writer-presses 

Xy lometers 

Yokes: 

Carrying, for canoe 

Neck 

Zuwachsbohrers 



$56.00 

70.00 
49.50 
81.41 

419. 16 
2.50 

472. 90 
27.00 
10.30 

528. 19 

35.25 

8.50 

300. 00 

7.00 

4.50 

1.50 

96.00 



636,816.40 



IV. Summary — July 1, 1899, to June SO, 1910 {11 years). 

Debits: 

(1) Total expenditures from Forest Service appropriations for forest work .516, 657, 759. 98 

(2) Expenditures for printing and binding, bulletins, circulars, etc., paid from depart- 

mental appropriat ion for printing and binding 236, 667. 60 

(3) Payment to States, refunds, and other miscellaneous disbursements under the general 

direction of the Forest Service 1> 817, 753. 45 

Total expenditure 18,712,181.03 

Credits: 

(a) Receipts — 

(1) From national-forest resources ($8,346,907.20 less 

$208,844. 51 collected by Interior Department) $8, 138, 122. 63 

(2) From miscellaneous sources 7,358. 23 

(3) From contributions for cooperative work with the 

Forest Service 109, 846. 63 

18,255,327.49 

(6) Improvements and property on hand June 30, 1910— 

(1) Permanent improvements, other than equipment. . 1,864,226.63 

(2) Equipment and other nonexpendal)le property 636,816.40 

(3) Supplies and expendable property on hand Jiine 30, 

1910 (estimated) 96,325.68 

2,597,368.71 

10,852,696.20 

Balance (net expenditures for investigative work 

and for protection, etc., of the national forests for 
the 11 years beginning July 1, 1899, and ending 
June 30, 1910) 7,859,484.83 

V. Classification of employees, Forest Service. 



Officers, clerks, etc. 


1900 


1901 


1902 


1903 


1904 


1905 


1906 


1907 


1908 


1909 


1910 


In Washington. 
Forester and Associate Forester... 


1 


1 


1 
4 


1 
4 

1 


1 
4 

1 


2 
4 

2 


2 

5 

1 


2 

8 

19 
1 
5 


2 

8 

30 

1 

19 


2 
11 

10 

2 

13 


2 

8 


Chief and assistant chief of office 


1 




12 


Law officer and assistant law 






3 


Law examiner, law clerk and land- 
law clerk 












4 

1 
1 
7 


2 


6 


Dendrologist, dendrochemists, etc. 
Artist and map colorist. 






1 


1 


1 








1 
9 


1 

10 
2 

6 

229 


4 
16 
4 

6 
369 


3 
20 
2 

6 
171 


6 


Expert (office) 




1 


2 


2 


4 


15 






2 


Photographer, assistant photogra- 
pher, lithographer, and helper. . 

Clerk, bookkeeper, stenographer, 
typewriter, copyist, and assist- 
ant 


14 


1 
15 


3 

23 
2 


3 

37 
3 


6 
65 


3 

103 

1 


4 

146 


7 

138 


Computers 





EXPENDITUEES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 
V. Classification of employees, Forest Service. — Continued. 



37 



Officers, clerks, etc. 


1900 


1901 


1902 


1903 


1904 


1905 


1906 


1907 


1908 


1909 


1910 


In Washington — Continued. 






2 
1 


3 


9 


10 


17 

8 

19 
6 
14 


29 

7 

22 
9 
9 


44 

10 

28 
13 
17 


12 

7 

21 
13 
8 


12 


Carpenter, painter, electrician. 




1 


g 


Watchmen, janitor, messenger. 




4 

3 

30 


6 

4 

28 


9 
4 
28 


20 


Charwomen 


:::::::::::: 


4 
27 


13 


Laborers, skilled and unskilled... 


13 


33 


15 


Total in Washington 


29 


52 


70 


91 


117 


179 


234 


359 


571 


301 


257 


Out of Washington. 
District forester, associate and 




















12 


n 


Assistant district forester and dis- 


1 

14 
11 

1 

2 


















38 




29 

22 

3 

1 

1 
1 


16 
19 

41 

6 


34 
21 

81 

6 


40 
21 

96 

8 


32 
13 

110 

7 


18 
33 

117 

21 


10 
28 

99 

22 
5 
14 

2 
13 

6 

31 

101 
94 
258 
409 
530 
23 

...... 

1 


24 

28 

109 

36 
13 
12 

14 

9 

4 

6 

161 
186 
506 
361 
554 
95 

20 


31 
20 

132 

35 
12 
21 

10 

12 

2 

6 

216 
173 
436 

581 
485 
255 

9 


17 
5 

254 


Assistant forest expert and forest 
and field assistant 


Expert, examiners, miners, sur- 
veyors, plant ecologists, field 


52 
10 


Lumberman, scaler, and cruiser. . 
Civil engineer, constructing engi- 
neer and superintendent tele- 


1 


1 


1 
1 


1 

1 
2 
21 


1 

1 

31 

16 

52 
408 


2 

2 

9 

22 

29 

61 

42 
115 
420 
264 


19 
6 


Engineer in timber tests, wood 
preservation, laboratory, etc 








21 


Forest students and student assist- 
ants 

Forestinspectors, grazing inspect- 
ors, and assistant inspectors... 


29 


72 


94 


61 


2 
3 


Forest supervisor and deputy for- 
est supervisor 












245 


Forest ranger 












256 


Deputy forest ranger 












64 


Assistant forest ranger 














1,058 


Forest guard 










86 


723 


Clerk, stenographer, typewriter. . . 












320 


Scientific assistant, timber-testing 


1 






1 




1 
2 


1 


9 


Forest superintendent 








<jame warden, rodman, lineman, 
etc 












1 


3 

56 
17 
5 
20 
23 

8 


3 


Chief and assistant chief, office and 
section 
















6 


Draftsman ' 




















21 


Artist and map colorist 




















6 


Law officers, law clerks, etc 




















18 


Watchman, janitor, messenger,etc 




















22 


Laborers, packers and carpenters, 
etc 


















11 


6 






















Total out of Washington. . . 


60 


l.>9 


177 


206 


190 


760 


1,156 


1,653 


2,182 


2,580 


3,194 


Grand total. Forest Service. 


89 


181 


247 


297 


307 


939 


1,390 


2,012 


2,753 


2,881 


3,461 



VI. Expenditures for compensation of persons engaged in writing descriptive or other 

matter for publication. 

This includes (a) compenFation paid in the form of salaries and (6) compensation 
paid in the form of purchase of completed manuscripts. 

(a) In salaries. — At no time since July 1, 1899, has any person been employed by the 
Forest Service merely to write matter for publication. All material which has been 
prepared by salaried employees for publication in any form or through any agency 
whatever has been written by persons employed primarily for other purposes. These 
purposes may be enumerated as follows: 

(1) Original investigations, conducted for the purpose of acquiring new knowledge. 
The results of such investigations are, when of importance, first published in official 
bulletins. Lesser results are sometimes prepared for publication in technical journala 
or proceedings of learned societies or for publication by States, cooperating associa- 
tions, etc. Subsequently, the information gathered may be given more extensive 
circulation in some popularized form, either as a Farmers' Bulletin, Forest Service 



38 EXPENDITURES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 

circular, or other form of public document, or through preparation for use by newspa- 
pers or other private agencies of publication. All investigators employed by the 
Forest Service who have done work of any considerable importance have doubtless 
been engaged at some time in writing matter for publication, either in official bulletins 
(which contain portions contributed by various persons besides the author) or in maga- 
zines, newspapers, etc.; but no record exists as to the exact amount of time given to 
such work, and consequently no statement can be made of the amount of compensation 
paid for it. Moreover, it is not believed that the purpose of the provision of law in 
response to which this report is made was to call for such a statement. Presumably 
the purpose of the provision was to ascertain to what extent, if at all, compensation has 
been paid to persons employed primarily as writers of material intended for publica- 
tion in newspapers and magazines; and when it has been made clear that writers have 
not been employed by the Forest Service for this purpose, the information desired will 
have been supplied. 

(2) Compilation of existing data: Besides gathering new knowledge through original 
scientific investigations, the Forest Service has worked up much material for publica- 
tion by assembling, analyzing, and recombining or developing to new conclusions data 
previously gathered either by its own or by outside investigators. Examples of such 
studies which have furnished the material for public documents are: Bulletin 83, 
Forest Resources of the World; Bulletin 78, Strength Values for Structural Timbers. 
As in the case of original investigations, studies of this kind have also furnished material 
for publication in Proceedings, State reports, and various other forms of print, including 
technical journals, magazines, and newspapers. Here again there is no record of the 
precise amount of time given to such work or of its cost. A considerable part of the 
technical force of the Forest Service has, at one time or another, had some employment 
in such work. . ,. 

(3) Supervision and administration: The officers in charge of the various Imesof 
work, in Washington and in the districts, have given time to the preparation of materia) 
for publication both by the department and by outside agencies; but ho-w much time 
it is impossible to say. Two recent examples of such work, one of which was pub- 
lished in the American Lumberman and the other in various California newspapers, 
are appended as Exhibit A. Throughout the Forest Service the effort has steadily 
been to furnish to the public, whenever possible, information which it was evidently 
desirable that the public should have because of its value; and in doing this, advantage 
has been taken of the readiness of newspaper and magazine writers and publishers to 
print such information, whenever it appeared that its diffusion in this way would most 
effectively promote the purposes for which the Poorest Service was created and is 
maintained. The method employed, however, in preparing such material (furnished 
in accordance with the provision of the appropriation act which sets forth that "this 
shall not prevent the giving to all persons without discrimination, including newspaper 
and magazine writers and publishers, of any facts or official information of value to the 
public") has not been that of employing a special force of writers to produce articles; 
the men possessed of first-hand information or in direct charge of the line of work con- 
cerned have been depended on to supply the facts, which were then put into the best 
shape for newspaper use by a process of editing. 

(4) Editing official publications: Under the conditions existing in the Forest Service 
it has been necessary to provide for a thorough review of all proposed publications by 
an editorial force so organized as to insure careful criticism of the substance of texts 
from a technical standpoint, as well as to promote effectiveness and economy by clear- 
ness and directness of statement and the elimination of superfluous material. A com- 
bination of reasons has made especially needful the provision for such editing in the 
Forest Service. In bureaus which exist primarily for scientific research the organi- 
zation is naturally along corresponding lines. The men in supervisory positions are 
practically directors of research, and the putput of the bureau in publications becomes 
in a sense the measure of its productive work. But in the Forest Service the principal 
task is the administration of the national forests, and even of the purely scientific work 
a large part is carried on in order to obtain a basis for better administrative work. The 
main output of the service is not publications, but public business transacted and 
public property conserved. In consequence the men in the higher positions can not 
give the amount of time to reviewing and perfecting the manuscripts submitted for 
publication which is necessary in order to maintain a high standard of technical 
accuracy. This condition is accentuated by the need for administrative officers to 
spend much of their time in the field. On the other hand, with a subject so new as 
American forestry, in which each investigator has been likely to find himself a pioneer 
exploring some previously untrodden territory, and with men still young in the work, 
there was the greater need for critical review of all matter intended for official publica- 
tion; while the fact that most of these publications were prepared not solely for the use 



EXPENDITURES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 



39 



of specialists but for lumbermen, farmers, and wood users of various kinds, and for the 
information of the general public, called for especial care to secure simplicity and 
directness of statement and to avoid over-technicality of form. 

In short, the Forest Service has, practically throughout the period covered by thia 
report, had in its employ one or more men of special training, engaged primarily in 
editing manuscripts for official publication. This editorial force has corresponded 
closely with the editorial force which the Geological Survey employs. Like the 
members of the Forest Service engaged primarily in original investigations, in com- 
pilation of data, and in administrative work, these editors have, as occasion arose, 
written matter for publication, both in official bulletins and circulars and in period- 
icals of various kinds, including newspapers; but they were not employed as writers, 
nor regularly engaged in writing, any more than were the employees engaged on the 
other lines of work specified above. The statement of the names of the persons who 
have been engaged in editorial work, and the salaries paid them, is, however, given 
below in order that the actual facts with regard both to the number of men employed 
in editorial work and the amount of expenditures involved (sometimes mistakenly 
assumed to be for the employment of writers as press agents) may be made clear. In 
short, there has at no time been in the Forest Service a large force of editors, nor has 
the compensation paid to them ever amounted to any considerable sum; and the small 
force which has been employed has been engaged, not as has sometimes been alleged, 
in writing magazine and newspaper articles but in reviewing and preparing for the 
press the manuscripts submitted in regular course with a view to their official publi- 
cation. 

Editorial force of the Forest Service, 1900-1910. 



Fiscal year. 



Name. 



Total 

salary paid 

during 

year. 



Number of 
publica- 
tions 
issued. 



1899-1900 
1900-1901 
1901-1902 
1902-1903 



1903-1904 
1904-1905 



1905-1906 



1906-1907 



1907-1908 



1908-1909 



1909-1910 



Treadwell Cleveland, jr. 

Herbert A. Smith 

do 

do 

Edward A. Branifl 



$S39. 00 
890.00 



Herbert A. Smith 

do 

Alfred GaskUl 

Findley Bums (3 months, 8 days). 
Treadwell Cleveland, jr. (4 days). . 



Herbert A. Smith 

Findley Bums 

Treadwell Cleveland, jr. (2i months). 
Thomas E. Will (2| months) 



1,200.00 

500.00 

275. 00 

20.83 



1,867.34 

1,083.33 

312.50 

350. 00 



Herbert A. Smith (9§ months) 

Findley Bums 

Treadwell Cleveland, jr. (2 months). 

Thomas E. Will 

Bristow Adams , 

Hu Maxwell (2 J months) 



2,013.89 

1,266.67 

300.00 

250. 00 

1,300.00 

261. 18 



Findley Bums 

Treadwell Cleveland, jr. (1 month). 

Bristow Adams 

Everett W. Smith 



1,600.00 

150. 00 

1,500.00 

1,050.00 



Findley Bums 

Bristow Adams 

Everett W. Smith (6 months). 

Fuidley Bums 

Treadwell Cleveland, jr 

Bristow Adams 

Everett W. Smith 



1,800.00 

1,600.00 

750. OO 



1,800.00 
1,650.00 
1,650.00 
1,500.00 



$719. 40 
419. 73 
217. 00 



1,429.00 
980. 00 



1,995.83 
3,613.17 

5,391.74 

4,300.00 
4, 150. 00 

6,600.00 



20 



20 



61 



63 



27 



(5) Promoting the diffusion of information relating to forests and forestry through 
its use by newspapers and periodicals. — In the earlier years covered by this report no 
individual members of the Forest Service were assigned especially to this work, 
which then consisted chiefly of the preparation of brief summaries of publications 
about to be issued, as press notices. Between 1904 and 1910, however, there were in 
the Forest Service from one to four men whose duty, or a part of whose duty, it was 
to promote the diffusion of useful information through the press. While these men 



40 



EXPENDITURES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 



were often employed upon the actual writing of material, it would be both inaccurate 
and misleading to report their salaries as "compensation of persons engaged in writ- 
ing descriptive or other matter for publication." The work mvolved was principally 
that of putting into shape for newspaper use the material prepared by technical and 
administrative men and the development of a system which would insure as wide use 
as possible of all information given to the newspapers. Further, except for one man 
whose term of employment extended from May 9, 1904, to September 15, 1905, and 
another whose term of employment extended from May 1, 1907, to January 25, 1910, 
much, if not most, of the time of the men whose salaries are included in the statement 
below was given to other kinds of work. In other words, there was never in the For- 
est Service at any one time more than one man employed exclusively upon publicity 
work, and much if not most of the money expenditure reported below was actually 
compensation for work done in editing official publications, compiling scientific 
data, writing oQicial publications and reports, and miscellaneous duties connected 
with the general administrative work of the service. 

The names of the men partly or wholly employed in putting information into shape 
for use by newspaper and magazine writers and publishers, and in providing for its dis- 
tribution, and the amounts of salary paid them during the years or portions of years 
when they were assigned or detailed to this work, are shown as follows: 




1903-1904 
1904-1905 
1905-190C 



1906-1907 



1907-1908 



1908-1909 



190^-1910 



Peyton Brown (1§ months) 

Peyton Brown 

Peyton Brown (2.\ months) $250. 00 

Treadwell Cleveland, jr. (9J months) •. 1, 270. 78 

Treadwell Cleveland, jr. (10 months) 1, 500. 00 

Herbert A. Smith (2^ months) 519. 44 

Raymond W. Pullman (2 months) 300. 00 

Herbert A. Smith 2, 700. 00 

Raymond W. Pullman 1, 800. 00 

Treadwell Cleveland, jr. (11 months) 1, 650. 00 

Hu Maxwell (6 months) 1, 000. 00 

Herbert A. Smith 3, 000. 00 

Raymond W. Pullman 2, 400. 00 

Treadwell Cleveland, jr 1, 495. 00 

Everett W. Smith (6 months) 750. 00 

Herbert A . Smith 3 , 000. 00 

Raymond W. Pullman (7 months) 1,366.67 



1,520.78 
2,319.44 

7, 150. 00 

7, 645. 00 
4,366.67 



In addition to the persons employed as described above, there was employed from 
October 1, 1907, to March 15, 1909, one other person, Mr. Thomas R. Shipp, who had 
been appointed as an associate editor with the expectation that he would be engaged 
in this line of the Forest Service's work. Owing, however, to the demands of work 
which was devolved upon the Forest Service by presidential assignment, this expec- 
tation was never fulfilled. His name, therefore, does not appear in either of the 
above statements. 

There remains to be reported the compensation to persons engaged in writing matter 
for publication in the form of^ 

(b) Purchase of completed manuscripts. — The following statement shows all payments 
made between July 1, 1899, and June 30, 1910, for manuscripts purchased from writers: 



Year. 


Name of writer. 


Title of manuscript purchased. 


Price paid. 


1900 




Forestry for Central Nebraska from Seed Bed to Plantation . 
Forestry in Texas 


$100.00 


1900 


W . Goodrich Jones 

F.L.Clarke 


50.00 


1902 


Report with oriRinal map of the San Bernardino Reservation. 
Eucalvpts Cultivated in the United States 


100.00 


1902 


A. J. MeClatchie 

Ernest Bruncken 


425. 00 


1904 


State and Federal Forest Laws . 


500.00 


1904 




30.00 


1908 


L. C. Glenn 


Denudation and Erosion in the Southern Appalachian 
Mountains. 

Commercial Importance of the White Mountain Forests 

How to Grow and Plant Conifers in the Northeastern States. 


1, 650. 00 


1908 


P. W. Ayres 


206. 00 


1909 


C. R. Pettis 


100.00 




Total 






3,161.00 











EXPENDITURES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 41 

Outside of the expenditures made in the manner and for the purposes already set 
forth, no payments whatever were made as compensation to any person for wi-iting 
matter of any kind (other than official advertisements of timber sales, contracts for the 
purchase of supplies, and similar matters required by law, and official forms, instruc- 
tions, and the like) intended for, or which has received publication in, any book, trade 
journal, magazine, newspaper, brochure, pamphlet, or any other form of print. 

It appears, therefore, that dm-ing the 11 years covered by this report no payment of 
public moneys was made by, through, or on account of the" Forest Service for the com- 
pensation of persons engaged in writing descriptive or other matter for publication, 
official or otherwise, save as indicated above; and the total amount paid in the entire 
11 years for the services of editors and others employed in preparing matter for publi- 
cation either by the Forest Service or by any outside agency, and in promoting the 
diffusion of information valuable to the public through its use by newspaper and 
magazine ^vriters and publishers, as $54,197.48, or an average of $4,927.04 per year, 
of which amount a considerable percentage was compensation for time spent in the 
discharge of other duties, such as work of compilation, investigation, and supervision. 

In this connection it is proper to point out that the figures published in the annual 
reports of the Forester for the years 1908 and 1909, which gave the total expenditures 
for the "diffusion of information" in those years as $55,665.88 and $82,790.02, respec- 
tively, have been misinterpreted as indicating that these sums were spent largely 
as compensation to Avriters of publicity material and to lecturers. As a matter of fact 
the great bulk of the expenditures thus reported represents the cost of correspondence 
and of clerical and other labor required to maintam mailing lists, attend to requests 
for publications, address envelopes, etc., the cost of equipment purchased, and a 
part of the cost of rental in Washington and other general expenses of administration 
which were prorated, in classifying the expenditures of the Forest Service among 
its various lines of work. 

NAMES OP PUBLICATIONS ACCEPTING SUCH MATTER FOR PUBLICATION AND AMOUNT 

PAID TO EACH THEREFOR. 

Material prepared for dissemination to the public through publication by news- 
papers and other periodicals may be classified under two heads: (1) Material furnished 
upon the request of individual papers or writers for information on some specific topic, 
and (2) material sent out to a regular mailing list maintained for this purpose. This 
list was gradually built up, until in 1910 it included the names of approximately 
6,000 papers and individuals; but no record was ever kept of the names of the papers 
which made use of the material sent them. This is true both of material sent in answer 
to requests for specific information and of material sent to the standing list. 

No payment was at any time made to any paper or writer for the publication of any 
material supplied by or in any way obtained from the Forest Service or any individual 
connected with the Forest Service, other than payments made for advertisements of 
timber sales and of contracts for the purchase of supplies. 

VII. Expenditures for photographs, lantern slides, lecture equipment, and lecturers. 

Among the items tabulated on pages 7 and 10 will be found the following, which 
cover all expend itiu-es by purchase: 





1900 


1901 


1902 


1903 


1904 


1905 


Photographic supplies and equip- 
men1 


$702.03 

75.25 

15.15 

139. 74 


$1,991.61 


$1,901.00 
112.00 
36.00 
259.50 


$2,744.28 

7.00 

111.33 

206.25 


$4,318.08 


$2,917.04 


Stereopticons and accessories 


Lantern slides 


45.40 
109. 45 


15.77 
426. 73 


64.55 
430. 43 


Photographs 




Total 


932. 17 


2, 146. 46 


2,308.50 


3,068.58 


4,760.58 


3,412.02 






1906 


1907 


1908 


1909 


1910 


Total. 


Photographic supplies and equip- 


$3, 590. 82 


$3, 638. 32 

3.70 

27.75 

283.93 


$5,051.54 
189. 61 
100.35 
231.08 


$9,310.61 

10.20 

138.38 

514. 17 


$5,929.69 
525. 64 
555.55 
590. 15 


$42,095.02 

923. 40 

1,125.43 

3,909.17 


Stereopticons and accessories 




Lantern slides 


15.20 
717. 74 


Photographs 




Total 


4,323.76 


3,953.70 


6,572.58 


9,973.36 


7,601.03 


48,053.02 





42 



EXPENDITURES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 



The above items are undoubtedly complete in so far as purchases are concerned, 
since the making of the present report necessarily entailed the examination of every 
voucher covering the disbursement of any part of the entire $16,000,000 expended for 
the work of the Forest Service between 1900 and 1910, inclusive. The headings call, 
however, for some explanation to make clear just what is covered; and a complete 
E^iswer to the demands of the bill for information requires, it is believed, a supple- 
mentary statement concerning the cost of the entire photographic work of the Forest 
Service, including as it does not only the purchase of supplies but also salary expendi- 
tures. 

The heading "Photographs " covers disbursements made for the purchase both of nega- 
tives and of prints, but represents chiefly the cost of negatives. Most of the negatives 
owned by the Forest Service, however, were not obtained by pm-chase, but represent 
the work of employees who took pictm-es in connection with their regular field work. 
Such pictures are taken either for their scientific value as illustrative of forest condi- 
tions or for administrative use. From the natiu^e of the case it is impossible to state 
the cost in time for photographs taken incidentally as a part of the various field proj- 
ects, and developed in the photographic laboratory of the Forest Service incidentally 
to its main work, as described below. 

The heading "Lantern slides" covers chiefly the purchase of glass for use in making 
lantern slides, either for the use of the Forest Service or for sale. The greater part of 
the final cost of a lantern slide, however, is the cost of reproducing the photograph and 
(if the slide is colored) of coloring. The actual making of lantern-slide photographs 
takes place in the photographic laboratory of the Forest Service. 

The photographic laboratory of the Forest Service is maintained primarily to supply 
the very large number of maps and blue prints required both by field men and in the 
offices in connection with the various lines of administrative and engineering work 
on the national forests, and in connection with the work of the Madison laboratory. 
This will be seen by a glance at the statement of the output of the laboratory, by classes 
of work. For example, this statement shows that during the fiscal year 1909-10, 
over 27,000 lithographs (almost entirely of maps) were made, nearly 14,000 maps were 
mounted on muslin, and nearly 7,000 photographic map prints, and 2,000 blue prints 
were made. Of the over 26,000 photographic prints made, much the greater part were 
used in connection with the administration of the national forests. 

The total cost of the photographic laboratory by years (including the cost of the sup- 
plies and equipment piu-chased, figures for which are included in the itemized state- 
ment of purchases already given) and the output of work by classes for each year are 
shown in the following statement: 



Class of work. 


1900 


1901 


1902 


1903 


1904 


1905 












770 

7,792 

42,312 

3,922 

50 


248 




3,000 


4,778 
C,632 
4,900 


5,332 
9,695 
5,457 


6,563 
15,473 
4,747 


4,467 




11,097 


Photographic prints mounted 

Map negatives: 

Glass 


1,400 


4,843 
112 












136 












486 
64 
184 


2,271 






160 


400 


167 


1,190 


















111 










746 


570 
2 


667 










26 














Total nnmher items of work. . . 
Total cost of photographic laboratory 


4,400 
$932. 17 


16,470 
$3,794.19 


20,88-1 
$4,948.50 


27,096 
$6,413.66 


56,142 
$8,463.85 


23,168 
$6,920.02 



EXPENDITURES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 



43 



Class of work. 



Negatives copied from prints 

Field negatives developed 

Prints made 

Photographic prints mounted 

Map negatives: 

Glass 

Paper 

Photo map prints 

Blue prints , 

Transfer prints , 

Maps mounted on muslin , 

Bromide enlargements 

Bj-omides mounted , 

Bromides bleached 

Lantern slides 

Transparencies 

Lithographs made in ofHce 

Lithographs made at Geological Survey. 



Total number items of work 

Total cost of photographic laboratory. 



270 
3,620 
8,173 
3,391 

337 

150 

5,970 

1,147 



137 



734 
25 



23,954 
$8, 168. 76 



1907 



496 

2,843 

12,333 

4,346 

445 

213 
8,779 
4,979 

116 
6,270 

320 



870 

53 

4,751 



46,814 
$9,875.03 



1908 



415 
2,017 
22, 202 
6,643 

844 
292 
7,822 
21, 643 
275 
11,544 
1,001 



1,765 

20 

1,760 

43,500 



121,743 
$12,920.25 



1909 



381 
3,119 
19,927 
5,016 

7,910 

281 

29,670 

10, 146 

1.37 

33,372 

1, 703 

430 

45 

2,231 

12 

1,782 

62,600 



178, 762 
$15,942.23 



1910 



634 
4,181 
26,402 
4,046 

1,780 

55 

6,845 

1,983 

79 

13,841 

340 



90 

2,325 

21 

126 

27,312 



90,060 
$16,043.25 



The followina; statement indicates by percentages the relative cost of the photo- 
graphic work done in 19] for the Washington office, the district offices, and the 
national forests. Much of the work done on requisitions which originated in the 
Washington office was, however, for material which eventually was supplied to the 
districts or the forests. Sirnilarly, requisitions originating in the district offices were 
in large measure for material needed for use in connection with field work on the 
forests. 

Per cent. 

Washington office 29 

r/istricts and Madison laboratory 50 

National forests 21 

The statement made above of the output of photographic work by classes shows 
that the total number of lantern slides made in the 11 years was 9,912. On the other 
hand, there were sold during this period 4,110 slides. The number of lantern slides 
owned by the Forest Service on June 30, 1910, was 6,074, of which 1,112 were out on 
loan and 1,602 were in the districts and at Madison. It has been the custom of the 
Forest Service to loan lantern slides freely for use by instructors in forestry at edu- 
cational institutions, and to a minor extent to other teachers in educational institu- 
tions and to lecturers who may desire to present some topic related to forestry before 
a gener-sl audience. The lantern-slide collection is, however, maintained primarily 
for the use of members of the Forest Service who may be called upon to deliver illus- 
trated addresses in connection with their work, and next after this, for use by edu- 
cational institutions which train foresters or have courses in forestry. 

The expenditures of the Forest Service for lecture equipment other than lantern 
slides was reported on page 10, under the heading of stereopticon and accessories. 
The total for the 11 years was $923.40. 

The expenditures for lecturers remains to be considered. In attempting to state 
what expenditures were made for this purpose the same difficulty is presented which 
arose with regard to expenditiu-es for writers. In the case of lecturers as in that of 
writers, a large number of members of the Forest Service have at different times 
performed such work, which, however, was either incidental to or actually a part of 
other work. For example, when a man is sent out to examine the wood lots of a num- 
ber of farmers in any locality, a meeting of farmers is often arranged for, with an 
address, illustrated or otherwise. As a rule, addresses before educational institutions, 
associations of wood users, commercial and civic organizations, and general audiences 
are made by men en route and without other cost to the Forest Service than the small 
expenditure of time thus involved. In many cases, particularly in the Western 
States, men connected with the administration of the National Forests are invited, 
on a few hours' notice, to attend a meeting of citizens and address them concerning 
some phase of the work of the Forest Service; and in such cases no formal record 
of the fact that such a meeting was held may be made. 

In 1908 a special report was made, in response to Senate resolution No. 157, of the 
attendance of members of the Forest Service at meetings and conventions during 
the year 1907. This report, which was published as Senate Document No. 485, list 
459 addresses made during the year, by 37 different members of the Forest Service. 



44 



EXPENDITURES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 



A systematic attempt to maintain a record of addresses made was not beojun until 
July 1, 1905, and no data exist from which any statement could be made of addresses 
prior to that time; but for the fiscal years 1906 to 1910, inclusive, this record shows a 
total of 1 ,739 addresses, made by 117 different members of the Forest Service. 

In other words, the diffusion of information through public addresses, which might 
be construed as falling under the head of "lectures," has been carried on, just as in 
other bureaus of the Department of Agriculture, by many members of the Forest 
Service, usually under such conditions that no statement of the compensation in 
salary to the lecturers is possible. The nearest approach that can be made to fur- 
nishing the information called for is a statement in detail concerning all known cases 
in which persons employed by the Forest Service have delivered, as a part of the work 
for which they were employed, a series of lectures or addresses covering a period of 
three days or more. This is shown in the following statement for the part of the period 
for which any record exists. The figures of compensation reported as paid are obtained 
by assuming that the salary of the person engaged in making these addresses was, 
ior the time being, paid exclusively as compensation for this work. As a matter of 
fact, however, this assumption is incorrect. For example, at various expositions at 
which Forest Service exhibits have been made, the attendance of a representative 
of the service has been called for to take care of the exhibit and answer questions 
concerning it; and the delivery of a series of lectures in connection with the exhibit 
during the period of the exposition, or some part of it, has been rather incidental to 
the making of the exhibit than the main cause for the presence of a lecturer at the 
exposition. 

Salary expenditures for public, addresses. 
Fiscal year — 

1906 $503.06 

1907 1, 465. 84 

1908 3, 659. 34 

1909 2, 933. 06 

1910 1, 077. 51 



9, 638. 81 



It appears, therefore, that the average expenditure by, for, or on account of the 
Forest Service for lecturers, charging as an expenditure solely on account of services 
as lecturers all salaries paid to employees for periods of three days or longer during 
which a series of public addresses of any kind were delivered, was less than $2,000 
per A'ear. No payments whatever were made, directly or indirectly, to procure the 
delive y of lectures by any person not officially connected with the Forest Service. 

VIII. Expenditures for printing and binding. 

In the classified summary of expenditures already given there appear the following 
expenditures for printing and binding: 





1900 


1901 


1902 


1903 


1904 


1905 


From Forest Service appropriation: 






$13,576.83 


$27, 694. 04 


$12,007.26 


$22,332.81 
210 75 








From department appropriation 


$7,971.00 


S5,016.55 


7,550.53 


2,833.53 


4, 220. 62 


8,255.80 




7,971.00 


5,016.55 


21, 127. 36 


30,527.57 


16,227.88 


30,799.36 



1908 



1909 



Total. 



From Forest Service appropriation: 

In Washington 

Out of Washington.... 

From department appropriation . . . 



$17,371.18 

14.50 

10,411.73 

27, 797. 41 



$46,049.66 

228. 33 

21,447.53 

67,725.52 



$4.50 

1,820.30 

90,907.78 

92, 732. 58 



$870. 79 

2, 446. 50 

59,407.66 

62, 724. 95 



$169. 75 

1,394.78 

18,644.87 

20, 209. 40 



$140,076.82 

6,115.16 

236,667.60 

382, 859. 58 



EXPENDITUEES FOR NATIONAL, FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 45 

Exhibit A. 

(1) The following appeared in The American Lumberman, issue of January 27, 1912: 

"Much interesting information concerning the timber resources of Utah, southern 
Idaho, and western Wyoming has been obtained during the past summer by the 
United States Forest Service. Cruising parties, working under the general super- 
vision of the district office, at Ogden, Utah, covered during the season more than 
1,000,000 acres of timberland, and the information obtained will be used in bringing 
about the exploitation of many large tracts of mature timber in this territory. The 
bulk of the merchantable timber in the region is on the national forests, and it is 
understood that one of the principal objects of the cruising work is to place before 
lumbermen who operate on a large scale the best logging chances of the intermoun- 
tain country. 

"In the general movement of the lumber industry westward the extensive terri- 
tory of Utah and southern Idaho has been overlooked. Apparently, eastern lum- 
bermen, when their timber holdings become exhausted and they are forced to turn 
westward, do not stop 'going' until they reach the coast. As a result, the lumber 
industry of the intermountain west has not developed, although from information 
furnished by the Forest Service the opportunities for a number of large mills in this 
region seem unexcelled, both as regard the available timber supply and local-market 
conditions. 

"Officials of the Forest Service place the annual consumption of lumber in south- 
ern Idaho at 100,000,000 feet b. m. and that of northern Utah at 150,000,000 feet. 
According to th'e 1910 census, southern Idaho shows a population of 210,000 and 
northern Utah 325,000. On the basis of an annual per capita consumption of 500 
board feet, which is certainly conservative for a territory which is doubling its pop- 
ulation every 10 years, the annual lumber consumption of these two regions would 
be 105,000,000 feet and 162,500,000 feet, respectively. The above estimate, there- 
fore, seems well established. 

"Of the 100,000,000 feet of lumber consumed each year in southern Idaho it is said 
that about 60,000,000 feet are shipped in from Oregon and other coast points, while 
only about 40,000,000 feet are produced locally. In northern Utah local mills pro- 
duce less than 12,000,000 feet annually and over 100,000,000 feet are shipped in from 
coast points. This great importation of coast lumber into Utah and southern Idaho 
is explained by the fact that there are no large local mills and that the small portable 
mills working on a limited scale are able to supply the demand only in their vicinity. 
Further, the cost of producing lumber in these mills is excessive, since up-to-date 
logging and milling methods are not followed, and the small sawmill men are not 
able to compete with the coast lumber in the larger cities, notwithstanding the fact 
that lumber there brings higher prices. 

"Under these conditions it seems remarkable that no large mills have located in. 
this territory, and the efforts of the Forest Service to bring about the utilization of 
its timber resources on a larger scale should be successful. WTiile the detailed data 
obtained by the various cruising parties has not yet been issued in report form, the 
general information at hand shows many large tracts of timber favorably located for 
logging. Of particular interest is the information obtained concerning the timber 
resources of the Jackson Hole country, which embraces a large part of the watershed of 
the south fork of the Snake River. The amount of timber in this region has been a 
matter of much speculation. The cruising party spent four and one-haK months in the 
Teton Mountains, covering a large portion of territory. Approximately, a billion 
feet of merchantable timber was located, the species being Engelmann spruce, 
Douglas fir, and lodgepole pine of fine quality. 

" One of the most attractive logging chances brought into prominence by this work 
is a tract of 120,000,000 feet on the banks of the Jackson Lake. The timber averages 
10,000 feet b. m. per acre, the spruce averaging in diameter 36 inches with six logs 
to the tree and the Douglas fir averaging 32 inches in diameter with five logs to the 
tree. The logging of the timber, it is said, will be a simple problem, since it lies on 
a bench sloping gently to the lake. The logs will be thrown into the lake and driven 
down the Snake River to a mill site in the vicinity of Idaho Falls. The drivability of 
the South Fork of the Snake was investigated by a Forest Service lumberman, who 
declares it to be drivable throughout the year with practically no stream improve- 
ments. In low water it averages 200 feet wide and 4 feet deep. A mill located near 
Market Lake or Idaho Falls will be not only on the railroad and in the center of the 
southern Idaho markets, but will have practically an inexhaustible supply of timber 
upon which to draw. 

"Considerable cruising was also done in the western yellow pine stands in the 
western portion of southern Idaho on the Boise, Payette, and Weiser National Forests, 



46 EXPENDITURES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 

and a number of large tracts of this species are, it is understood, to be placed on the 
market. On two forks of the Payette River, both of which have been driven, over 
150,000,000 feet of merchantable saw timber was cruised out. This embraces the 
most accessible of the timber, it being roughly estimated that upon its removal there 
will be available a half a billion feet more of similar timber. According to the state- 
ments of forestry officials, all this timber can be driven at reasonable cost to the railroad 
at either Emmett or Payette. A particularly fine tract of yellow pine within a short 
distance of a railroad was also located and cruised on the Weiser Forest. This timber 
etands at the head of the Weiser River. 

"In Utah the most accessible large tract of timber cruised and mapped waa on the 
watershed of the Provo River. This timber consists of Engelmann spruce and lodge- 
pole pine and covers 10,146 acres. It averages 10,000 feet to the acre, and the total 
estimate amounts to 106,000,000 feet b. m. The tract is said to be one of the most 
accessible large tracts in the State, it being entirely feasible by a drive of 50 miles to 
land the logs at the railroad at Heber City, where there are good mill-site facilities 
and from which point the large consuming markets of Provo, Salt Lake City, and 
Ogden are less than 100 miles distant by rail. 

"Another cruising party in Utah spent the summer gridironing the timber on the 
watershed of the Sevier River in the southern part of the State. Between two hundred 
and fifty and three hundred million feet of yellow pine and Douglas fir timber was 
located and mapped. This forest averages about 5,000 feet b. m. per acre, the diam- 
eters running up to 60 inches in the yellow pine and 4 inches in the Douglas fir. The 
logging of the Sevier timber is said to involve the construction of a railroad of from 
75 to 100 miles to connect with the present terminal at Marysvale of the San Pete 
branch of the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad. Such a railroad, however, will doubt- 
less be a part of a line extending into southern Utah, where there are great amounts 
of agricultural land in course of development, and to the Grand Canyon of the Colo- 
rado, where on the Kaibab plateau there is a billion and a half feet of yellow pine and 
Douglas fir timber awaiting utilization. 

"it would seem from the general data at hand that lumbermen who are looking for 
new locations should find a profitable field for operations in Utah and southern Idaho. 
Those interested can obtain full information concerning the different logging and 
milling chances of the district by writing the district forester, Ogden, Utah." 

(2) The following material was furnished various newspapers early in 1912: 

The Government is advertising for bids on a large body of timber on the Tahoe 
National Forest, in California, with an offer of terms which' inaugurate an important 
departure from the policy of the past. 

About 73,000,000 board feet of saw timber is offerd for sale, with a 10-year period for 
the removal of the timber. The national forests contain a vast supply of merchant- 
able timber, estimated at the equivalent of over 500,000,000,000 feet board measure, a 
great part of which is ripe for the ax or already overmatiu-e. In many cases, how- 
ever, the purchaser has to make a very heavy initial investment in transportation 
facilities. To have this pay, he must be able to figure on a large operation, requiring 
a number of years to carry through. 

The timber sale policy of the Forest Service recognizes that, in view of the general 
tendency of stumpage prices, long contracts based on present prices would be a strong 
incentive to speculation and might turn out to be highly disadvantageous to the 
public. To protect the public, as consumers, against monopoly prices and also 
against exhaustion of local supplies through overcutting, sales of timber are carefully 
proportioned to the existing supply and demand, and sales to small purchasers, who 
are vastly in the majority, are encouraged. To protect the public, as owners, against 
sales at what may prove to be too low a price, it has been the policy in the past to 
allow no operations extending over more than five years. A plan has, however, now 
been devised for allowing longer operations, with a periodic revision of the stumpage 
rates. 

At the end of the first five years of the Tahoe sale the price to be paid for the timber 
cut in the following five years will be determined by the prices of lumber which have 
ruled in the locality during the preceding year. Since it is recognized that present 
stumpage prices are rather high in proportion to present lumber prices, if lumber prices 
do not show an increase of $2 per thousand feet the stumpage price will not be changed. 
On any increase above $2 per thousand three-fourths of the amount of the increase 
may be added to the stumpage price. 

The Tahoe sale will call for the construction of 20 miles of railroad, which will be a 
common carrier and therefore decidedly beneficial to the community — another reason 
for making the sale which is taken into account. A minimum price of $2.50 per thou- 
sand feet for yellow pine, the amount of which is estimated at 52,000,000 feet, and also 
for sugar pine, and of $1 per thousand feet for all other species is specified in the adver- 



EXPENDITURES FOE NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 



47 



tisement. The interest which has been shown by lumbermen in this sale leads the 
forest officers to believe that one or more bids will undoubtedly be received. The 
usual conditions of cutting national forest timber, to insure a renewal of the forest 
and close utilization of what is cut, will be incorporated in the contract of sale. That 
national forest timber is in increasing demand is evidenced by the fact that over 
830,000,000 feet were sold during the year which ended on June 30, 1911, as against 
less than 575,000,000 feet in the previous year. The current year is likely to show a 
still higher total. 

National forest cross areas, in acres, by States. 



State or Territory. 



Area Dec. 31, 
1904. 



Area June 
30, 1910. 



Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Florida 

Idaho 

Kansas 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New Mexico. . , 
North Dakota. 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

South Dakota. 

Utah 

Washington . . . 
Wyoming 



Total in United States . 

Alaska 

Porto Rico ^ 



Grand total. 



6,740,410 



9,388,624 
2,872,599 



3,936,840 



7,845,920 
208,902 



3,257,920 



57, 120 
4,637,560 
1,244,840 
2, 722, 760 
6, 940, ^30 
8, 197, 799 



58,0.52,054 

4, 909, 880 

65,950 



214,745 
189,781 
968,510 
491,791 
674,891 
963, 171 
302,387 
163,373 
204,486 
474,696 
566, 072 
109,415 
140, 123 
13,940 
60,800 
920,822 
294,440 
411,157 
007,340 
941,681 



166,103,621 

26,761,626 

65,950 



192,931,197 



When the forest reserves were transferred to the Bepartment of Agriculture m 1905, 
the gross area was approximately 63,000,000 acres. On June 30, 1910, the gross areao 
of the national forests was 192,931,197 acres, or about 300,000 square miles. Within 
this area was embraced alienated lands of States and private owners equal to about 11 
per cent of the gross area. 

The forests are subdivided into ranger districts for protective purposes, each district 
covered by a forest officer, with an average area of 163 square miles assigned to each 
officer. The cost of administration, improvement, and protection, as shown by the 
report of the Forester for 1910, averages 2.2 cents per acre. The earnings from all 
sources during the year 1910 average one and eight-hundred ths cents per acre. 

The number of ranger districts is eight to each forest, or a totak)f 1,192 ranger districts. 
Each district ranger is assigned a headquarters, and is provided with office supplies, 
stationery, and furniture. The standard equipment of a ranger office "consists of 
1 typewriter, 1 typewriter stand, 1 table, 2 chairs, 1 filing case, 1 heating stove, window 
shades, linoleum, etc. 

Some of the rangers, however, whose duties are entirely protective, are not provided 
with the entire ofBce equipment above described. During the period 1900 to 1910, 
inclusive, 1,202 typewriters were purchased. It is evident, therefore, that many of 
the ranger stations are as yet unprovided with typewriters, but with the increase of" use 
of the forests additional equipments must be provided. 

The general adminstration of the Forest Service is divided into districts, with 
headquarters located at convenient points, as follows: 

Forester, Associate Forester, and general staff, Washington, D. 0, 

Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wis. 

Paper Pulp Laboratory, Wausau, Wis. 

Wood Utilization, Chicago, 111. 

District forester and staff, district 1, Missoula, Mont. 

District forester and staff, district 2, Denver, Colo. 

District forester and staff, district 3, Albuquarque, N. Mex. 

District forester and staff, district 4, Ogden, Utah. 

District forester and staff, district 5, San Francisco, Cal. 

District forester and staff, district 6, Portland, Oreg. 



48 EXPENDITURES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 



VALUE OF RESOURCES AND COST OF ADMINISTRATION. 

The direct value of the national forests as property exceeds, at a very moderate 
estimate $2 000 000,000. The standing merchantable timber alone was reported on 
June 30 'l910, as the equivalent of 530,000,000,000 feet b. m. The forests also con- 
tribute to national prosperity through water protection, range conservation, and the 
maintenance of timber supplies essential to many Western industries. This indirect 
value greatly increases their importance as public resources, but can not be stated 
in terms of money equivalent. , t^ . o • t:' i. 

The administration of the national forests passed to the Forest bervice on l^ebruary 
1 1905 Of the expenditures made in that year, $435,095.32 was under appropria- 
tions carried by the agricultural appropriation act of April 23, 1904, for the continua- 
tion of the earlier nonadministrative work. In the five preceding years there had 
been spent a total of $953,060.56. Expenditures from special appropriations not 
applicable to administrative work in the years 1906-1910, inclusive, totaled $95,252.89. 
Deductino- these sums from the total expenditues of the Forest Service for the 11 years 
($16 657 759 98), there is left $15,174,331.21. Again deducting the credits shown on 
pa<^e 18 there is left a balance of $4,321,635.01 as the net cost of all work, both investi- 
gative and administrative, paid for out of appropriations not specifically made for 
other than national forest work, and for which there is not either an equivalent in 
hand in the form of property and improvements or an offset in the form of receipts paid 

into the Treasury. , . . . , ,. , ■ • *v. 

The estimated total expenditures for administering, protecting, and improving the 
national forests (including that part of the cost of the Washington office fairly charge- 
able a^-ainst national-forest administration), the average per acre expenditure, and 
the average per acre receipts for the years 1905 to 1910, inclusive, was as follows: 



Fiscal year- 



1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 

Total 



Expenditures. 



$509,186.68 
956,999.67 
1,538,419.31 
3,118,267.21 
3,554,896.03 
4,351,152.55 



14,028,921.45 



Expendi- 
tures per 
acre. 



SO. 0059 
.0089 
.0102 
.0186 
.0182 
.022 



Receipts 
per acre. 



SO. 00085 
.0089 
.0104 
.011 
.0093 



If the balance is struck by deducting the credits from this amount, the net cost of 
administration (including all overhead charges) becomes $3,176,225.25. This is equal 
to an average net cost of less than $530,000 a year, or under one-fourth mill on the 
dollar of the direct value of the property administered and protected. 

Against this net cost must be set the pubUc service rendered by protection and 
retnilated use of the national forests. In the single year 1910, 2,464 fires, or over 75 
per cent of the total number reported on the national forests, were extinguished by 
the forest ofiicers discovering them, without material damage and without extra help 
or expense. The stock industry alone benefits by regulated grazing to an extent far 
exceeding the above net cost. The timber on the forests is advancing in value at 
the rate of not less than $50,000,000 a year. 



EXPENDITURES FOR NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION. 



49 




H. Doc. 681, 62-2- 



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